乌蒙山区地下水赋存独特性与开发利用模式——以昭觉地区为例

Unique characteristics of groundwater occurrence and its development and utilization model in the Wumeng Mountain area——a case study of the Zhaojue area

通过地面水文地质调查、水文地质钻探和地下水资源开发利用等综合研究手段,查明研究区地下水类型以基岩裂隙孔隙水为主,碳酸盐岩岩溶水和第四系松散岩类孔隙水为辅,总结出不同类型地下水的赋存特征;从断裂、皱褶和裂隙发育特征阐明地质构造对研究区地下水运移、存储、富集和排泄的影响规律,断裂破碎带通常具有阻水作用,而在断裂一侧或两侧某一段的影响带内往往充水,沿断裂带发育方向易形成地下水排泄带,次级断裂是控制研究区内深部热水活动通道的主要构造;向斜构造使得浅层裂隙水和下部层间水得以富集,形成向斜储水盆地;近东西向张性和"X"节理裂隙有利于地下水的富集。根据研究区内主要地形地貌和含水层特点,将研究区划分为山间盆地、丘陵山区和岩溶山区3种主要类型区,通过对各类型区地下水赋存特征及规律分析总结,结合开发利用可行性,归纳出3种地下水开发利用模式:山间盆地蓄水构造钻井抽水模式、丘陵山区表层泉水池调蓄模式和岩溶山区溶洼成库和地下河堵洞成库地表-地下联合模式。研究成果为提高乌蒙山区地下水开发利用效率,解决该地区用水困难提供科学依据。

A comprehensive research approach using surface hydrogeology survey,hydrogeological drilling and groundwater resources development and utilization,found that the groundwater types in the study area are mainly bedrock fissure pore water,carbonate karst water,and Quaternary loose rock pore water as auxiliary,and the occurrence characteristics of different types of groundwater are summarized.The influence of geological structure on groundwater migration,storage,enrichment and discharge in the study area is clarified from the characteristics of fracture,fold and fracture development.Fracture crushing zone usually has waterblocking effect,while in the influence zone of one or both sides of the fault is often filled with water,and the groundwater discharge zone is easily formed along the development direction of fault zone.Secondary fault is the main structure controlling the deep hot water active channel in the research area.Syncline structure makes shallow fissure water and lower layer water enriched,forming syncline water storage basin.The near East-West tensile and X joint fissures are beneficial for the enrichment of groundwater.According to the main topography and aquifer characteristics,the study area is divided into three main types:intermountain basin,hilly area and karst area.Through the analysis and summary of groundwater occurrence characteristics and laws in each type of area,combined with the feasibility of development and utilization,three groundwater development and utilization modes are summarized:the drilling and pumping model of water storage structure in the intermountain basin,the regulation and storage model of surface spring pool in the hilly area,and the surface underground joint model of the reservoir formation of the depression and the underground river plugging hole in the karst mountainous area.The research results provide a scientific basis for improving the efficiency of groundwater development and utilization in the Wumeng Mountain area and solving the problem of water use in this area.