常见引起眩晕、头晕疾病的内科治疗

Medical therapy of dizziness and vertigo caused by common diseases

眩晕、头晕是门急诊患者的常见症状。引起眩晕、头晕的原因有生理性和病理性两种原因。生理性原因主要有运动病、登陆病和登高性头晕,治疗以习服适应为主;病理性疾病包括良性阵发性位置性眩晕、梅尼埃病、前庭神经炎、前庭性偏头痛、创伤后眩晕、脑震荡综合征、后循环缺血、桥小脑角肿瘤、持续性姿势性-感知性头晕、晕厥、失衡等。这些常见疾病除后颅窝肿瘤外首先需要内科治疗。内科治疗主要包括药物治疗、前庭康复治疗、心理治疗。根据国内、外文献,并结合我们的工作经验,介绍常见眩晕、头晕疾病的基本内科治疗方法。

Dizziness and vertigo are the common symptoms in outpatients in the emergency department.The causes of dizziness and vertigo are both physiological and pathological conditions.Physiologic causes mainly include motion sickness,Mal de débarquement syndrome,height dizziness and treatment based on habitual adaptation.Pathological diseases include benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,Menière disease,vestibular neuritis,vestibular migraine,post-traumatic vertigo and post-concussion syndrome,posterior circulation ischemia,cerebellopontine angle tumors,persistent postural-perceptual dizziness,syncope,imbalance,etc.These common disorders,except posterior fossa tumors,first require medical treatment.The methods include pharmacotherapy,vestibular rehabilitation,and psychotherapy.Domestic and foreign literature combined with our working experience,we introduce the basic internal medicine treatment for common vertigo and dizziness diseases.