城市社区老年人患病情况与护理需求调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of the Sickness and Nursing Needs of the Elderly in Urban Communities

目的了解城市社区中老年人患病情况,调查老年患者的护理需求,进而提升老年患者的护理服务质量,保证老年患者的生命质量。方法通过随机抽取在2019年5月—2021年5月期间的300例老年人群为例,统计老年人的一般资料(性别、年龄、文化程度、居住状况、生活状态),近半年来的日常生活健康困扰以及患病情况,并统计老年人的护理服务需求情况。结果根据患者的年龄分成60~65岁、66~70岁、71~75岁、76~80岁、>80岁的患者,66~70岁的老年人群数量最多,>80岁的老年人群数量最少;根据文化程度分成大专及以上、初中和高中、小学及以下,其中小学及以下的老年人数量最多,大专级以上的老年人数量最少;根据居住状况分成独居、和老伴以及儿女共住、和老伴共住、和儿女共住,其中独居的老年人数量最少,和老伴共住的老年人数量最多;根据生活状态分成退休后返聘和退休后在家状态,其中退休后返聘状态的老年人群数量少于退休在家的数量;300例老年人群中,近半年来对日常生活产生影响的最主要的3种情况:记忆力减退、失眠以及视力减退,疾病中发病率最高的3种疾病分别为:高血压、糖尿病、骨质疏松;300例老年人群中,护理服务项目中前3项:中医按摩、防痴呆训练、家庭药箱;对于护理服务需求较高的前3项:慢性病防治护理、饮食营养指导以及保健指导。结论老年人群的身体机能大大衰退,容易患各种慢性疾病,身心健康也会受到其他因素的影响护理项目的需求较高,因此,需要高质量护理患者,保证老年人群的身体健康以及生活水平。

Objective To understand the prevalence of middle-aged and elderly patients in urban communities,to investigate the nursing needs of elderly patients,so as to improve the quality of nursing services for elderly patients and ensure the quality of life of elderly patients.Methods By randomly selecting 300 elderly people from May 2019 to May 2021 as an example,the general data of the elderly(gender,age,education level,living status,living status)were counted,and the elderly were counted for nearly half a year on the health problems and illnesses of the elderly in daily life.Results According to the age of patients,they were divided into patients 60-65 years old,66-70 years old,71-75 years old,76-80 years old,and>80 years old.The number of elderly people aged 66-70 years old was the largest,>80 years old.The number of senior citizens was the least;according to their educational level,they were divided into junior high school and above,junior high school and high school,and elementary school and below.Among them,the number of seniors at elementary school and below was the largest,and the number of seniors above college level was the least.According to their living conditions,they were divided into living alone,with spouse,and children living together,living with their wives,and living with children.Among them,the number of elderly people living alone was the least,and the number of elderly people living with their wives was the largest;according to their living conditions,they were divided into retired and retired and retired at home status,of which retired status of the number of elderly people was less than the number of retired people.Among the 300 elderly people,the three main conditions that had affected daily life in the past six months:memory loss,insomnia,and vision loss.The three most common diseases were:hypertension,diabetes,and osteoporosis;among the 300 elderly people,the top three items of nursing service items were:traditional Chinese medicine massage,anti-dementia training,and family medicine cabinet;the top three with higher demand for nursing services were:chronic disease prevention and treatment,diet and nutrition guidance,and health care guidance.Conclusion The physical function of the elderly is greatly degraded,they are prone to various chronic diseases,and their physical and mental health will also be affected by other factors.There is a high demand for nursing items.Therefore,it is necessary to care for patients with good quality to ensure the physical health and living standards of the elderly.