邮轮应急疏散过程建模、模拟与布局优化分析

Modeling and simulation of cruise emergency evacuation process for layout optimization

为提升突发事件下邮轮疏散效率,优化邮轮空间布局,构建包括空间拓扑关系模型、游客应急疏散行为模型在内的邮轮疏散过程模型;在此基础上,以具体邮轮为例,模拟不同情景下的疏散过程,并对邮轮的空间布局提出优化建议。研究结果表明:邮轮疏散的瓶颈是楼梯,增加瓶颈楼梯处的宽度可以提升疏散效率,但不能无限地提升疏散效率;相比于楼层通行速度,增加楼梯通行速度对疏散效率的提升更为明显;增加疏散出口可以提升疏散效率,但提升幅度与出口布设的位置与游客空间分布相关,只有当邮轮出口能相对均衡地覆盖游客时,才能更好地达到出口增加带来的疏散效能。

In order to improve evacuation efficiency of cruises after emergencies and to optimize their spatial layout,an evacuation model,including spatial topological relationship model and tourist evacuation behavior model,was constructed. Then,with certain cruise as an example,optimization suggestions were put forward based on simulated evacuations under different scenarios. The results show that the bottleneck of cruise evacuation lies in stairs,and increasing stair width can improve evacuation efficiency,but not indefinitely. It has more significant effects to improve efficiency by increasing flow velocity of staircases than that of floors. And an increase in evacuation exits can also raise overall efficiency,but such increase magnitude is related to exit locations and tourist distributions. Better evacuation can only be achieved when exits can evenly serve tourists.