国外大学社会服务职能的源起、发展及对我国的启示

The Origin and Development of the Social Service Function of Foreign Universities and the Enlightenment to China

大学社会服务职能最早出现在美国,《莫里尔法案》的通过标志着社会服务职能的正式确立。但从19世纪后期开始欧美国家大学纷纷转向以教学科研为主,直到20世纪80年代在知识经济、全球化和金融及环境危机的刺激下,主流大学才重拾社会服务职能。当前社会服务职能已经成为大学的第三职能,从单向知识输出发展成为了双向参与,这对我国大学社会服务职能也具有重要的借鉴意义。

The social service function of universities first appeared in the United States,and the passage of the Morrill Act marked the formal establishment of the social service function.However,since the late 19th century,most European and American universities had chosen teaching and research as their main missions.It was not until the 1980s that mainstream universities regained their social service functions under the stimulation of the knowledge economy,globalization,and financial and environmental crises.The current social service function has become the third mission for universities.It develops from one-way knowledge output to two-way participation,which also has important reference significance for the social service function of Chinese universities.