情绪智力的代际传递:有调节的中介模型

Intergenerational Transmission of Emotional Intelligence:Moderated Mediating Effect

为考察父母情绪智力对子女情绪智力的代际传递效应,同时探讨父母情感温暖的中介作用以及同伴关系的调节作用,对644名初中生及其父母进行调查,结果发现:(1)父母情绪智力显著正向影响子女情绪智力;(2)父母情感温暖在父母情绪智力与子女情绪智力之间中介效应显著;(3)同伴关系在父母情感温暖影响子女情绪智力的路径中起显著调节作用。

Emotional intelligence is considered as a comprehensive ability,which includes the ability to perceive,understand,express and use emotion.Meanwhile,it is also a complex of individual’s emotions,personalities,and interpersonal relationships.Previous studies have shown that emotional intelligence is closely related to adolescents’subjective well-being,academic achievement and interpersonal communication,and it has been proven that emotional intelligence can effectively regulate the impact of risk factors on individual development.In addition,there is evidence abroad documenting that the intergenerational transmission of emotional intelligence exists.Positive parenting is conducive to forming a secure attachment style.Individuals with such a parenting can not only precisely perceive others'emotions,but also regulate their own negative emotions effectively.All of these contribute to a better development of emotional intelligence.Therefore,the first purpose of this study is to examine whether emotional warmth plays a mediating role in the intergenerational transmission of emotional intelligence.In addition,Lerner’s developmental contextualism suggests that an individual’s physical and mental development is affected by various contexts,and each context does not work independently,but interacts to play a systematic role in human development.With the increase of age,the impact of peer relationship on teenagers is becoming more critical than that of family factors.A good peer relationship is conducive to higher perceived social support,which makes teenagers more receptive to the care and warmth of others.Although the impact of family environment on adolescents has gradually weakened,it has always existed.The support and encouragement from peers make teenagers more willing to open their hearts to the emotional warmth of their parents,thus promoting the development of emotional intelligence.Therefore,the second aim of this study is to examine whether the peer relationship plays a moderating role in the relation between parental emotional warmth and adolescents’emotional intelligence.In order to investigate the intergenerational transmission effect of parents'emotional intelligence on teenagers'emotional intelligence,and to examine the mediating role of emotional warmth and the moderating role of peer relationship,644 junior high school students and their parents were investigated.Specifically,parents reported their emotional intelligence level,and adolescents reported the level of perceived parental emotional warmth,peer relationship and emotional intelligence using questionnaires and scales with good reliability and validity.The findings are as follows:(1)the emotional intelligence of parents positively predicted adolescent emotional intelligence.(2)Parental emotional warmth plays a significant mediating role between parental emotional intelligence and adolescent emotional intelligence.(3)Peer relationship plays a moderating role in the relationship between emotional warmth and teenagers’emotional intelligence.To be specific,compared to individuals with poor peer relationships,the influence of emotional warmth on adolescent emotional intelligence is stronger for those with favorable peer relationships.This study innovatively investigated the intergenerational transmission of emotional intelligence and its internal mechanism in China.The findings are of great value to reveal the developmental law of adolescent emotional intelligence and have theoretical and practical significance for the cultivation of adolescent emotional intelligence both in family education and school education.However,this study is not without limitations.First of all,parenting style is a multi-dimensional variable,but only parental warmth,one positive dimension¬,was considered in this study.The influence of other dimensions of parenting style have on the intergenerational transmission of emotional intelligence should be comprehensively tested in future studies.Secondly,the cross-sectional study adopted in this study cannot explain the causal relationship among the variables.Longitudinal design can be used in future research to further verify the impact of parental emotional intelligence on adolescent emotional intelligence.Furthermore,as the subjects in this study were selected from two-parent families in Guangzhou,it remains to be further verified whether the findings can be applied to other populations.