教育作为一种治理技术--基于华北农村社区治理过程的考察

Educating as a Governmentality:An Empirical Study Based on Village Governance Process in North China

基层干部在国家与村民之间扮演着中介角色,本文尝试从基层干部有关治理实践的表述来分析农村社区治理策略.研究发现,部分基层干部将一些乡村治理中的问题归因于缺少宣传和教育,而“需要教育”正构成农村社区治理中引领、奖惩等治理策略的潜在假设和话语基础。教育、引领、奖惩共同构成农村社区中的“教育治理术”,它是基层干部针对村庄不同事项而构建起来的一套弹性和柔性的治理工具的集合,教育在其中处于核心地位。这种教育治理术深受长期以来关于乡村的学术话语实践与政策话语实践的影响,其运用正是当前乡村社会转型的背景下,后税费时代国家与村庄、农民的关系发生重大调整的结果,然而,这种以个体主义为基础的治理逻辑需要被反思和超越。

Given grassroots cadres’ intermediary role between the state and villagers, their expressions of village could serve as a valuable entry point to analyze the governance of rural communities. This empirical study finds that some grassroot cadres attribute some problems in rural governance to lack of education. Such as"needing education"are the underlying assumptions and discoursive basis of governance strategies which include guidance, rewards/punishment.Together education, guidance, rewards/punishment constitute the"educating governmentality"in rural communities."Educating governmentality"is a set of fluid and flexible governance tools built by grassroots cadres to address different matters in villages, and"educating"is at the core of this governmentality. Educating governmentality has been deeply influenced by rural narratives and policy practices within the country and the academia in the past 100 years. Its extensive application is the result of significant changes in the relationship between the state, villages and peasants in the"post-tax-and-fee"era of China, and its ability to meet the need for China’s rural society to undergo transformation during this era. Nevertheless, this individualism-based governance logic needs to be reconsidered and transcended.