无人机在煤矿地表隐蔽灾害排查中的应用

Application of unmanned aerial vehicle in the investigation of hidden disasters on coal mine surface

针对传统煤矿地表隐蔽灾害排查时存在的速度慢、周期长、受地形限制等问题,以陕北侏罗纪煤田神北矿区浅埋煤层生产煤矿为例,采用无人机的可见光+红外热成像低空遥感技术,实现了对煤矿地表隐蔽灾害的快速扫面排查。结果表明:依据无人机飞行高度、方位角、拍摄宽幅,可快速识别并计算出地裂缝的延伸长度、走向、规模等参数;通过可见光影像快速排查出河流、池塘、泉眼等地表水体;红外和可见光融合模式实现地表高温异常点的快速捕捉、追踪,确定隐蔽火区的范围;识别地表基岩出露,重新修订烧变岩范围;圈定矸石山的位置、规模及潜在危险区;发现村民盗采洞口,识别危险地质体等其他隐蔽致灾因素。

In view of the problems of slow speed,long cycle and terrain limitation in the investigation of hidden disasters on the surface of traditional coal mines,taking the shallow coal seam production coal mine in Shenbei Mining Area of Jurassic coalfield in northern Shaanxi Province as an example,the low-altitude remote sensing technology of visible light+infrared thermal imaging of unmanned aerial vehicle was adopted to realize the rapid scanning of hidden disasters on the surface of coal mines.The results show that the extension length,direction and scale of ground fissures can be quickly identified and calculated according to the flying height,azimuth angle and shooting width of UAV.Quickly check out surface water bodies such as rivers,ponds and springs through visible light images;infrared and visible light fusion mode can quickly capture and track the abnormal points of surface high temperature and determine the scope of hidden fire area;identify the exposure of surface bedrock and revise the scope of burnt rock again;delineate the location,scale and potential danger zone of waste rock hill;it is found that villagers steal mining holes and identify other hidden disaster-causing factors such as dangerous geological bodies.