我国采煤沉陷区生态环境现状与治理技术发展趋势

Ecological environment status and development trend of governance technology of coal mining subsidence area in China

针对我国采煤沉陷区生态环境破坏现状,以露天矿区和井工矿区面临的不同生态环境问题为切入点,探讨了现阶段不同区域、不同类型采煤沉陷区生态环境修复工作的难点。结合工程实践,对比分析了物理修复、化学修复、生物修复以及联合修复技术在我国的应用现状及其优缺点,认为联合修复技术因其利于诱发协同效应、强化生态修复效果,将成为矿区生态修复技术的主要发展趋势。基于采煤沉陷区生态环境治理技术研究现状,提出了矿区生态修复理论与技术未来主要发展方向,包括开采对生态环境破坏的监测与诊断技术、采煤沉陷地治理技术与标准体系、矸石山污染治理及煤矸石综合利用技术、露天矿土地复垦与生态修复技术等。

In view of the ecological environment destruction status in coal mining subsidence area of China,the different ecological environment problems of open-pit mining area and well mining area are taken as the breakthrough point,the emphases and difficulties of ecological environment restoration in different regions and different types of mining subsidence areas are proposed.Then combined with engineering practice,the application status,advantages and disadvantages of physical remediation,chemical remediation,bioremediation and combined remediation technology in China were compared and analyzed,it is concluded that combined remediation technology will become the main development trend of ecological remediation technology in mining areas because of its benefit to induce synergistic effect and strengthen the ecological restoration effect.Based on the research status of ecological environment control technology in mining subsidence area,the main development direction of ecological restoration theory and technology in mining area is proposed,it includes monitoring and diagnosis technology of ecological environmental damage caused by mining,treatment technology and standard system of mining subsidence land,pollution control of gangue hill and comprehensive utilization technology of gangue,land reclamation and ecological restoration technology of open-pit mine,etc.