论环境公共利益的识别

On the identification of environmental public interest

环境公共利益既不是一个不证自明的法律概念,也不因其具有模糊性和不确定性而无法把握。环境公共利益的识别,就是通过确定一定的标准、方式并把握一定的要点,使其从理论上的模糊和不确定,走向具体实践中的清晰和确定。在识别标准方面,应当以生态环境安全为基准,在遵循公共利益识别的实体标准和程序标准的同时遵循可持续性标准。在识别方式方面,应采取类型化的方式,根据规范目的将其分为立法目的型、权利依据型、权力依据型、内容列举型,并分别确定各类型的具体识别方式。在识别过程的要点把握方面,应重点关注“人→环境→人”这一特殊作用机理,不能以科学理性代替价值判断,并应确保所涉多元利益主体间具有交涉性,识别程序具有正当性。在此基础上,还需厘清环境公共利益与“环境众益”、政府利益、环境私益等相关利益类型间的关系。

Environmental public interest is not a self-evident concept,nor can it be identified because of its ambiguity and uncertainty.The identification of environmental public interest is the process and final result,which makes the environmental public interest move from the ambiguity and uncertainty to the clarity and certainty.Firstly,in terms of identification criteria,the identification of environmental public interest should be based on ecological environment security.Then,on the basis of following the substantive and procedural standards of public interest identification,we should further follow the sustainability standards.Secondly,tn terms of identification ways,the identification of environmental public interest should adopt typological way,and should be classified into legislative purpose type,right basis type,power basis type and content enumeration type according to the normative purposes,and then the specific identification methods of each type can be made clear respectively.Finally,in terms of grasping the key points in identification process,the identification of environmental public interest should also consider its special mechanism with focal attention to Man-Environment-Man rather than replacing the value judgment with scientific rationality,and should ensure the negotiation between the multi stakeholders involved and the legitimacy of the identification process.On this basis,we should also clarify the relationships between environmental public interest and related interest types such as environmental public interest,government interest,environmental private interest.