公共决策的合理选择原则——以罗尔斯的生活计划理论为视角

The principle of reasonable choice in public decision-making from the perspective of Rawls' Life Planning Theory

依照公共选择理论的基本主张,作为集体行动的典型方式,公共决策的本质是由个体行动或私人决策组成的。如何通过合理选择促使公共决策效果得以改进和完善,需要通过个体选择的理论进路来解释。罗尔斯将正义论视为合理选择理论的一部分,并在个人生活计划理论的基础上,引入合理选择原则作为定义善和正义的依据,从而为公共决策的合理选择原则提供了可资借鉴的思想资源。其有效手段原则可用来指引公共决策的成本分析,蕴涵原则能为公共决策目标提供衡量标准,较大可能性原则则能为公共决策所取得的效益提供有效的判断依据。引入罗尔斯的生活计划理论确立公共决策的合理选择原则,不仅能还原公共决策的过程属性,而且也能充实公共决策合理选择的理论基础,但如何协调个体行动与集体行动之间的内在关系,仍存在一定的思想局限和有待论证的空间。

According to the basic proposition of public choice theory,public decision-making,as a typical way of collective action,is essentially composed of individual action or private decision-making.How to improve and perfect public decision-making through reasonable choice depends on the theoretical approach of individual choice.Rawls's theory of justice regards the principle of justice as the principle of rational man's choice,regards the theory of justice as a part of the theory of reasonable choice,and introduces the principle of reasonable choice as the basis of defining good and justice on the basis of the theory of personal life plan,which can provide ideological resources for the principle of reasonable choice in public decision-making.Among them,the principle of effective means can guide the cost analysis of public decision-making,the principle of implication can provide the measurement standard for the goal of public decision-making,and the principle of greater possibility can provide the judgment basis for the benefit of public decision-making.Introducing Rawls'Life Planning Theory into establishing rationality choice principle of public choice-making,can not only restore the procedure property of public choice-making,but also enrich its theoretic basis.But as for how to coordinate the intrinsic relations between individual and collective actions,there still exist certain limitations for thinking and some room to verify.