宋代诗人的“观物化”书写及其自然观

Materialization writing of the poets in the Song Dynasty and their view of nature

宋代诗人常以“观物化”来概括其观察、体验、描写自然万物变化的精神活动和创作实践。他们在“天人合一”思想的基础上融会儒、释、道诸家思想,构建了一种尊重自然变化规律并以之为自然宇宙和人文社会最高理想的自然观。同时,锻炼出与之相对应的观察自然、体悟人世的日常实践工夫,平等地赋予曾被轻视的自然物和创作技巧以崇高的意义。宋代诗人在观照自然、审视自我的过程中沟通了自然观与人生观,对物我关系这一古典诗歌中的重要思想命题进行了新的理解与诠释。

Poets in the Song Dynasty often used"materialization"to summarize their spiritual activities and writing practice of observing,experiencing,and describing the changes of nature.Based on the spirit of"Heaven and Man into One",they integrated Confucianism,Buddhism,and Taoism,and constructed their view of nature that respects the laws of natural changes and regards them as the highest ideals of the natural universe and humanistic society.Meanwhile,they exercised the daily practice named"Gongfu"of observing nature and comprehending the human world,hence equally endowing lofty meanings to both natural objects and creative skills which have been despised.The poets in the Song Dynasty achieved a communication between the concept of nature and outlook on life in the process of observing nature and examining oneself,thus providing a new understanding and interpretation of the important ideological proposition in the classical poetry of the relationship between the object and the self.