委托股权证明共识机制的改进研究

Improvement and Research of Delegated Proof of Stake Consensus Mechanism

针对委托股权证明(Delegated Proof of Stake,DPoS)共识机制系统中节点活跃度不高、错误节点剔除不及时、记账收益分配不合理等问题,提出了一种改进方案。改进方案主要改进了DPoS的计票机制和激励机制。改进的计票机制将节点的更多信息纳入了计票范围,使得选票能够更全面地反映节点的信用情况。根据节点的投票记录,动态调整节点选票的权重加快错误节点的剔除。对于激励机制的改进分为投票激励和记账激励两个部分,投票激励针对所有参与共识的节点给予相应的激励,激励系统中的节点积极参与投票。记账激励是根据博弈论中的权利指数来对收益进行二次分配,使得分配机制更为合理,有利于降低了系统的中心化趋势。通过实验验证了改进方案的有效性。

In order to solve the problems of Delegated Proof of Stake(DPoS)consensus mechanism,such as low node activ-ity,untimely elimination of error nodes,and unreasonable distribution of book keeping income,an improvement scheme is proposed.The improvement scheme mainly improves the counting mechanism and incentive mechanism of DPoS.The improved vote counting mechanism takes more information of the node as an integral part of the vote,so that the vote can more comprehensively reflect the credit status of the node.According to the voting record of the node,the weight of the node’s vote is dynamically adjusted to speed up the elimination of the wrong node.The improvement of the incentive mechanism is divided into two parts:voting incentives and accounting incentives.The voting incentives provide corre-sponding incentives for all nodes participating in the consensus,and encourage the nodes in the system to actively partici-pate in voting.Accounting incentive is based on the Banzhaf power index in game theory to carry out the secondary distri-bution of income,which makes the distribution mechanism more reasonable and helps to reduce the centralization trend of the system.The effectiveness of the improved scheme are verified by experiments.