福建省肥料生产现状调查及问题剖析

Investigation on the Status of Fertilizer Production in Fujian Province and Its Problem Analysis

通过系统分析福建省肥料生产发展现状,为肥料产业政策制定、基础研究及产业转型等提供参考依据。以福建省获证329家肥料生产企业为调查对象,采用文献、问卷、访谈和实地调查等方法,分别对肥料产能、产量及产能利用率;肥料生产厂家、产品及配方数;肥料供保能力及肥料企业地域分布进行分析,探讨福建省肥料生产现状与问题。结果表明:2016-2020年,福建省肥料产能、产量均呈逐年上升趋势,但5年肥料产能利用率平均仅为39.7%;不同肥料品种产量以有机肥料最高,其次为复混肥料和土壤调理剂,占肥料总产量比例分别为66.0%、22.2%和5.2%;肥料企业以有机肥料厂家和产品数为最多,分别达到270、792个,但每个有机肥料厂平均年产量为0.51万t;省内化肥自给率仅为47.1%,此外52.9%化肥需要省外调拨或进口;有机肥料和生物有机肥年产量仅占市场理论需求量14.0%;全省9个地级市,72个县(市、区)内分布有肥料厂,其中漳州市肥料企业数量占全省总数量33.4%。福建省肥料生产网络已基本形成,但是不同区域、不同肥料产业仍然发展不均衡,依然存在突出问题。今后应重点解决产能利用率不高问题,强化复混肥料生产企业转型升级,引导加强有机肥料产品质量管理和示范推广,充分发挥福建区域资源优势,加快新型肥料产品开发,尤其是利用沿海牡蛎壳资源化开发土壤调理剂。

The present situation of fertilizer production in Fujian Province was systematically analyzed to provide reference for policy formulation,basic research and industrial transformation of fertilizer industry.329 licensed enterprises of fertilizer production in Fujian Province were investigated by literature search,questionnaire,interview and field investigation.Then,the fertilizer productivity,yield and the rate of capacity utilization,fertilizer manufacturers,products and the number of formula,fertilizer supply and guarantee capacity and the geographical distribution of fertilizer enterprises were analyzed,in order to discuss the present situation and problems of fertilizer production in Fujian Province.The results showed that from 2016 to 2020,fertilizer production capacity and output in Fujian Province increased year by year,but the rate of fertilizer capacity utilization was only 39.7% on average in five years.The yield of organic fertilizer was highest in different varieties of fertilizer,followed by compound fertilizer and soil conditioner,which accounted for 66.0%,22.2% and 5.2% of total fertilizer production,respectively.The number of organic fertilizer manufacturers and products were largest in fertilizer enterprises,reaching 270 and 792,respectively,but the average annual output of each organic fertilizer factory was 5100 tons.The self-sufficiency rate of chemical fertilizer in the province was only 47.1%,and 52.9% of chemical fertilizer needed to be allocated or imported from outside the province.The annual output of organic fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer only accounted for 14.0% of the theoretical demand of the market.There were fertilizer factories in 72 counties(cities,districts),9 prefecture-level cities in the province,among which the number of fertilizer enterprises in Zhangzhou City accounted for 33.4% of the total number in the province.The fertilizer production network in Fujian Province has been basically formed,but the development of different fertilizer industries in different regions was still unbalanced,and there were still prominent problems.In the future,we should focus on solving the problem of low capacity utilization rate,strengthening the transformation and upgrading of compound fertilizer production enterprises,guiding and strengthening the quality management and demonstration promotion of organic fertilizer products,giving full play to the regional resource advantages of Fujian,accelerating the development of new fertilizer products,especially the development of soil conditioner by using the coastal oyster shell resources.