白马雪山国家级自然保护区小型兽类的组成与分布

Composition and distribution of small-sized mammals in Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve

目的调查了解白马雪山国家级自然保护区小型兽类的群落分布格局特征,为当地人类相关自然疫源性疾病的宿主动物防控研究及生物多样性保护提供基础资料。方法以白马雪山国家级自然保护区海拔2 000~4 500 m的山地耕地、林区和高山灌丛草甸3种生态环境为调查的空间范围,分别采用夹夜法、圈套法、挖洞等方法在不同海拔梯度带相应生境中捕获小型兽类,分类计数分析。结果共捕获小型兽类1 279只,隶属于4目7科21属32种。其中啮齿目种类最多,为3科12属19种,共1 139只,占捕获总数的89.05%;兔形目1属2种;食虫目2科7属10种;攀鼩目1属1种。中华姬鼠、西南绒鼠、大耳姬鼠和齐氏姬鼠是白马雪山国家级自然保护区小型兽类群落的主要优势种。结论白马雪山国家级自然保护区不同小型兽类对不同生态环境及海拔梯度带的适应性不同,其种类、数量构成及分布因生境和海拔的不同而存在差异,其中优势种的分布范围相对较广,适应能力较强;存在多种自然疫源性疾病的宿主动物。

Objective To investigate the community distribution pattern and characteristics of small-sized mammals in Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve, and to provide basic information for prevention and control of host animals of human related natural foci diseases and biodiversity protection.Methods The spatial scope of the investigation involved mountain cultivated land, forest area and alpine shrub meadow within the range of 2 000-4 500 m in Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve, small-sized mammals were captured in the corresponding habitats of different altitudes by night trapping, trapping and burrowing and analyzed by classification and counting.Results A total of 1 279 small-sized mammals were captured, being classified as 32 species, 21 genera, 7 families, 4 orders.The number of rodentia animals were the most, and there were 19 species classified as 12 genera and 3 families, totalizing 1 139 rodents, accounting for 89.05% of the total number captured;2 species were classified as Lagomorpha with 1 genus in a families;10 species classifiedas Insectivora with 7 genera in 2 families and 1 species classified as Scandentia with 1 genus in a families.Apodemus draco,Eothenomys custos,Apodemus latronum and Apodemus chevrieri were dominant species of small-size animal community in Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve.Conclusion In Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve, different small-sized mammals show different adaptabilities to different ecological environments and elevation gradient zones, and their species, quantity composition and distribution vary with different habitats and elevations.Dominant species have relatively wide distribution range and strong adaptability, and there are various host animals of natural foci diseases.