四川省2019年鼠类监测结果分析

Analysis on results of rodent surveillance in Sichuan,2019

目的调查四川省2019年鼠类种群构成、季节消长和不同生境鼠密度情况,为预判鼠传疾病流行风险和制定鼠类防控方案提供科学依据。方法将全省15个市(州)作为监测点,每个监测点包括居民区、特殊行业和农村自然村3种监测类型,采用夹夜法进行鼠密度监测,每月一次。结果四川省2019年共捕获鼠形动物665只,平均密度为0.61%;以褐家鼠为主要优势种,其次分别为四川短尾鼩、小家鼠和黄胸鼠;不同生境鼠形动物密度农村自然村>居民区>特殊行业;四川省全年总体鼠密度近似单峰分布,在6—7月有一活动高峰。结论已基本掌握四川省城市鼠类种群构成及季节消长情况,建议加强鼠类综合监测,科学防控,以控制鼠传疾病。

Objective To investigate the population composition, seasonal variation and density of rodent populations in different habitats in Sichuan, to offer the scientific basis to predict the epidemic risk of rodent-borne diseases, and to formulate the rodent prevention and control program.Methods Fifteen cities(prefectures) were set up as surveillance sites in Sichuan Province, each of which included three surveillance involving residential areas, special industries and rural natural villages, and the rodent density surveillance was conducted once a month by night trapping method.Results A total of 665 rodents with the average density in 0.61% were captured in 2019 across Sichuan.Rattus norvegicus was found to be the main dominant species, followed by Anourosorex squamiws ipes,Mus musculus and Rattus tanezumi.The density of rodents in different habitats satisfied rural natural village>residential area>special industries.The total density of rodents in Sichuan Province showed an approximately unimodal distribution with the activity peak from June to July.Conclusion The population composition and seasonal variation of rodents have been basically understood.The integrated surveillance of rodents is advised to be tightened, and scientific prevention and control should be made to curb rodent-borne diseases.