政治仪式与政治认同:苏区时期的群众大会

Political Ceremony and Political Identification:Mass Meeting in the Soviet Period

仪式与认同是政治生活的重要组成部分。革命年代的群众大会,由于其较为独到的动员形式、内容呈现与认同效果而颇受处于弱势境况的中国共产党人的青睐。大致来说,苏区时期的群众大会通过以下三种途径获取广大民众的政治认同:一是基层苏维埃政权是群众大会的产物,让绝大部分民众觉得这是“自己的政权”;二是民众在群众大会中的归属感与剧场化,会议进程中所体现的仪式、程序与步骤彰显出苏维埃的权力位次,深化群体归属下的权威认同;三是群众大会特别是公审型或节庆型的群众大会中敌对势力的突显与强化,极大地提升了民众对苏维埃政权的政治认同。

Ceremony and identification are important parts in the field of political life.The mass meeting in the revolutionary years was favored by the Chinese Communists in a weak situation because of its unique mobilization form,content presentation and identification effect.Generally speaking,the mass meeting in the Soviet period obtained the political identification of the masses through the following three ways:The first way was the grass-roots Soviet regime,which was the product of the mass meeting,so that the vast majority of the people feel that it was"their own regime";The second way was the people's sense of belonging and theatrization in the mass meeting.The ceremony,procedures and steps embodied in the process of the meeting showed the power order of the Soviet,and deepened the authority identification under the group ownership;The third way was the prominence and strengthening of hostile forces in mass meeting,especially public trial or festival mass meeting,greatly improved the people's political identification to the Soviet regime.