20世纪30年代南京国民政府与西南军阀间的控制与对抗——以西南五省鸦片贸易为中心的考察

An Analysis of the Control and Confrontation Between Nanjing National Government and Southwest Warlords in the 1930s——Investigation Centered on the Opium Trade of the Five Provinces in Southwest China

1932年后南京国民政府逐渐形成了军法禁烟体制,并逐步实现了大产地逐步禁种和掌控鸦片运销,这些政策对于消除西南割据状态和将抗战后方置于西南起到举足轻重的作用。而1936年和平解决“两广事变”,不仅打破了日本军部设想的利用西南割据状态与华北相呼应的计划,也为将抗战的战略后方置于大西南奠定了基础。以鸦片收入对西南五省财政的重要性为线索,探讨南京国民政府与西南各系军阀之间的控制与对抗,分析南京政权军法禁烟在该地区的影响,对于客观全面的廓清此历史过程具有重要的学术价值。

After 1932,the Nanjing regime gradually formed a military-legal anti-opium system,and gradually realized the gradual banning of planting in large producing areas and the control of opium transportation and marketing.These policies played a decisive role in eliminating the state of fragmentation in the southwest China and placing the rear of the Anti-Japanese War in the southwest.However,the peaceful settlement of the"Guangdong-Guangxi Incident"in 1936 not only broke the plan of the Japanese military department to make use of the secession state of the southwest to echo that of north China,but also laid a foundation for the strategic rear of the Anti-Japanese War to be placed in the southwest China.Taking the importance of opium revenue to the finance of five provinces in southwest China as a clue,this paper discusses the intervention and confrontation between Nanjing national government and various warlords in southwest China,as well as the influence of the military-legal anti-opium system by Nanjing regime in these areas,which has important academic value for the objective and comprehensive clearance of this historical process.