新疆出土医学文书俗字研究

Research on the Common Characters of Medical Documents Unearthed in Xinjiang

[目的]阐明新疆地区出土医学文书中俗字应用历史,分析文书中俗字产生的类型并总结其特点。[方法]综合采用文献比勘法、字形字义分析法等方法,结合文字学、音韵学和训诂学知识,对新疆出土医学文书中出现的俗字与辞书、传世医书等进行分析、比较、归纳,明确俗字类型。[结果]新疆地区出土的医学文书所处时期在我国语言发展史上是俗字发展较快的时期,类型多种多样,有增删意符、改变意符和音符、变换结构等类型,俗字书写往往可以减省笔画使得书写更加便利,而由于俗字多为民间产生,因此呈现书写随意的特点,同时在使用及传播方面具有一定局限性。[结论]新疆出土的文书中包含着大量的涉医文献,研究这些文献需要综合使用历史学、文献学、语言学的方法才能较好解决遇到的问题。

[Objective] To clarify the application history of common characters in medical documents unearthed in Xinjiang, analyze the types of common characters in medical documents and summarize their characteristics. [Methods] The common characters, dictionaries and medical books handed down in Xinjiang unearthed medical documents were analyzed, compared and summarized with the methods of literature comparison and analysis of characters and meanings, combined with the knowledge of philology, phonology and exegetics, so as to clarify the types of common words. [Results] Unearthed medical documents in Xinjiang region were in the period of rapid development of common characters in the history of Chinese language development in China.There were various types, including adding and deleting ideograms, changing ideograms and notes, changing structure and so on. Common characters could often reduce strokes and make writing more convenient. Because common characters were mostly produced by the people, they showed the characteristics of random writing, at the same time, it had certain limitations in use and dissemination. [Conclusion] The documents unearthed in Xinjiang contain a large number of medical-related documents, and it is necessary to integrate the methods of history, philology and linguistics to solve the problems encountered in the study of these documents.