内蒙古大学生生育意愿调查

A Survey on the Fertility Intentions of College Students in Inner Mongolia

研究内蒙古大学生的生育意愿,为生育政策调整后人口发展趋势提供依据。2020年9月—12月,利用自编调查问卷,选取内蒙古5所高校1118名在校大学生进行调查。结果表明:92.63%的大学生有生育意愿,生育目的主要是促进家庭幸福和人生完整;理想子女数在是否独生和民族变量上存在显著差异(X^(2)_(是否独生)=10.87,P=0.0012;X^(2)_(民族)=17.49,P=0.0002),平均理想子女数1.88个;生育性别偏好为“男女都行”,且在性别、生源地和民族变量上存在显著差异(X^(2)_(性别)=11.35,P=0.0001;X^(2)_(生源地)=27.65,P=0.0000;X^(2)_(民族)=21.86,P=0.0000);性别组合偏好“儿女双全”;平均生育年龄为27.88岁;首选生育间隔时间为2—3年;孩子的成长环境和抚养成本是影响是否生育二孩的主要因素。说明传统生育观对内蒙古大学生的影响弱化,其生育意愿更加自主、理性;现行生育政策具有可行性,但政策调整的效应不明显。

The research of the fertility intentions of college students in Inner Mongolia could provide a basis for the population development trend after the fertility policy adjustment.From September to December in 2020,1118 college students from 5 universities in Inner Mongolia were chosen to engage in a self-made questionnaires survey.92.63%college students had fertility intention,on the purpose of getting family happiness and life integrity.There was significant differences in the ideal number of babies between whether or not to be singleton(X^(2)=10.87,P=0.0012),and between different ethnics(X^(2)=17.49,P=0.0002).The average ideal number of babies is 1.88.The fertility gender preference was“male and female both”,and there were significant differences between different gender(X^(2)=11.35,P=0.0001),origin(X^(2)=11.35,P=0.0001)and ethnic(X^(2)=21.86,P=0.0000).Gender combination preference is“son and daughter both”.The average age that being ready to have babies was 27.88.Preferred interval of birth is 2-3 years.Children’s growing environment and raising cost are the main factors affecting whether to have a second child.The influence of traditional concept of fertility on college students has been weakened in Inner Mongolia,and their fertility intentions are more autonomous and rational.Even the current birth policy is feasible,the effect of policy adjustment is not obvious.