范·弗拉森反实在论的“自然规律”语义学思想及其出路

On Van Fraassen’s Anti-realist View of Laws of Nature in Semantics and Its Solutions

范·弗拉森沿袭逻辑实证主义拒斥形而上学传统并采取语义经验论的反实在论立场,从自然规律存在的动机及其所面临的问题两个方面批判了传统实在论的自然规律观,提出了语义学方案,以解决自然规律面临的推理与识别问题,呈现西方科学哲学领域中研究自然规律问题的新样本。但是,范·弗拉森的观点有失偏颇,片面强调逻辑分析而忽略了哲学与科学实践之间的联系,具有不可知论、主观主义与相对主义倾向。为此,文章主张一种主客互动论的自然规律建构观。

Following the logic positivism and rejecting the metaphysical tradition,Van Fraassen adopts the anti-realist position of semantic empiricism,criticizes the traditional realist view of laws of nature from the motivation of laws of nature and the problems it faces,and puts forward a semantic scheme to solve the problem of inference and identification of laws of nature.This paper presents a new sample of laws of nature research in the field of western philosophy of science.However,Van Fraassen’s view is biased in its emphasis on logical analysis and its neglect of the connection between philosophy and scientific practice,presenting tendencies of agnosticism,subjectivism and relativism.Therefore,this paper advocates a constructive view of laws of nature based on the theory of subject-object interactionism.