基于AHP和GIS的矿区岩溶塌陷易发性评估——以贵州林歹岩溶矿区为例

Assessment of susceptibility to karst collapse in mining area based on AHP and GIS:A case study in Lindai karst mining area in Guizhou

岩溶矿山疏干降压显著改变矿区地下水流场,加剧岩溶塌陷及地面沉降等地质灾害,制约着矿山生产效益。本文针对贵州林歹矿区的岩溶塌陷问题,分析致塌因素及机理,结合专家打分法和层次分析法(AHP)确定各评价因子及其权重,继而利用地理信息系统(GIS)的空间叠加技术建立并验证矿区岩溶塌陷易发区评价模型。在此基础上,预测矿区延伸开采至1 040 m中段时,隔水底板在是否遭受破坏的这两种不同水动力条件下的岩溶塌陷易发区。结果显示,矿区的现状评价模型具有很高的精确度;矿山延伸开采过程中,隔水底板遭受破坏将给矿区带来不可挽回的灾难,其首要任务是保护隔水底板不受破坏。本文突破了矿山岩溶塌陷防治的瓶颈,也为矿山水害防治提供一种新方法,具有显著的经济效益和社会意义。

The drainage and depressurization of karst mines significantly changes the underground water flow field,aggravates geological disasters such as karst collapse and ground subsidence,and restricts the mine production benefit.Aiming at the problem of karst collapse in Lindai mining area,Guizhou Province,this paper analyzed the factors and mechanism of karst collapse,combined with expert scoring method and analytic hierarchy process(AHP) to determine the evaluation factors and their weight,and then established and verified the evaluation model of karst collapse prone area in mining area by using spatial superposition technology of geographic information system(GIS).On this basis,it is predicted that when the mining area extends to the middle section of 1 040 m,the karst collapse prone area under the two different hydrodynamic conditions of whether or not the waterproof floor is damaged.The results show that the mining status evaluation model has high accuracy.In the process of extended mining,the damage of waterproof bottom plate will bring irreparable disaster to the mining area.The primary task is to protect the waterproof bottom plate from damage.This paper breaks through the bottleneck of mine karst collapse prevention and control,and also provides a new method for mine water disaster prevention and control,which has remarkable economic benefits and social significance.