不同施肥处理对四个茶树品种茶叶品质的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Tea Quality of Four Tea Cultivars

茶园养分管理对茶叶品质有显著影响,茶园经济效益又取决于茶叶品质。本研究对鄂茶10号、福鼎大白茶、迎霜和乌牛早四个茶树品种进行复合肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=15%∶15%∶15%)、叶用经济作物专用肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=17%∶5%∶25%)、配方施肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=20%∶5%∶10%)和有机肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=3%∶1%∶2%)四种施肥处理,其中复合肥、叶用经济作物专用肥及配方施肥处理的氮水平相当,分析了各个施肥处理对全年5轮次茶叶品质的影响。结果表明:叶用经济作物专用肥和配方施肥处理具有提升春茶游离氨基酸含量的潜力。除迎霜的第二轮夏茶,有机肥处理的第二轮春茶和夏茶茶多酚含量显著高于其他处理,而咖啡碱含量因茶树品种及施肥处理而表现出不同响应,各施肥处理对秋茶品质的影响无显著规律。综合考虑肥料成本及茶叶品质,配方施肥处理对茶园经济效益提升较大。

Nutrient management of tea plantation has a significant impact on tea quality,and the economic benefit of tea plantation depends on tea quality.In this study,four tea cultivars of Echa 10,Fuding Dabaicha,Yingshuang and Wuniuzao were treated with four fertilizer treatments,compound fertilizer(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=15%∶15%∶15%),special fertilizer for leaf-usage cash crop(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=17%∶5%∶25%),formula fertilizer(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=20%∶5%∶10%)and organic fertilizer(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=3%∶1%∶2%).The nitrogen levels of compound fertilizer,special fertilizer for leaf-usage cash crops and formula fertilization treatments were the same.The effects of each fertilization treatment on the quality of tea in five rounds of the year were analyzed.The results showed that special fertilizer for leaf-usage cash crop and formula fertilizer treatments had the potential to increase the content of free amino acid in spring tea.The polyphenol content of the second round of spring tea and summer tea treated with organic fertilizer were significantly higher than those of other treatments with the exception of the second round of summer tea in cultivar Yingshuan,while the caffeine content in different tea cultivars showed different response due to tea cultivars and fertilizer treatments,and there was no significant law on the effect of each fertilization treatment on the quality of autumn tea.Considering the cost of fertilizer and the quality of tea,the formula fertilizer treatment can greatly improve the economic benefit of tea plantation.