入侵地加拿大一枝黄花根际和非根际土壤微生物群落结构及多样性

Structure and diversity of microbial communities in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil in areas with invasive Solidago canadensis L.

【目的】探明严重入侵地加拿大一枝黄花根际和非根际土壤微生物群落结构。【方法】采集长沙县黄花镇郭公渡5处严重入侵地加拿大一枝黄花根际和非根际土壤,应用Illumina高通量测序技术研究加拿大一枝黄花根际和非根际土壤微生物群落结构及多样性。【结果】加拿大一枝黄花根际土壤有机质含量显著高于非根际土壤,二者间含水量差异不显著。在微生物群落多样性和丰度上,根际土壤细菌的Shannon指数和Simpson指数均大于非根际土壤,Chao1指数和ACE指数均小于非根际土壤,而根际土壤真菌的Shannon指数和Simpson指数均小于非根际土壤,Chao1指数和ACE指数均大于非根际土壤。在门水平上,酸杆菌门Acidobacteriota和变形菌门Proteobacteria的细菌总相对丰度在根际和非根际土壤样品中占比分别为42.92%和34.23%。子囊菌门Ascomycota的真菌相对丰度在根际土壤和非根际土壤样品中占比分别为58.6%和57.3%。在属水平上,根际土壤细菌中太阳念珠菌属Candidatus Solibacter、Ellin6067、伯克氏菌属Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia和慢生根瘤菌属Bradyrhizobium的相对丰度明显高于非根际土壤,而不动杆菌属Acinetobacter的相对丰度显著低于非根际土壤。根际土壤真菌中的小画线壳属Monographella、鬼笔属Phallus、被孢霉属Mortierella、镰刀菌属Fusarium、斜盖伞属Clitopilus的相对丰度均明显高于非根际土壤,而Sistotrema、unidentified_Ascomycota_sp、unidentified_Paraglomerales_sp、茶渍属Lecanora的相对丰度明显低于非根际土壤。【结论】加拿大一枝黄花的入侵改变了根际微生物群落结构及组成,使之与非根际存在一定的差异,为加拿大一枝黄花成功入侵的机理研究提供理论支撑。

【Aim】This study aimed to explore the microbial community structure in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of Solidago canadensis.【Method】Five rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of S.canadensis from Guogongdu,Huanghua Town,Changsha County were collected and the microbial community structure and diversity in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of S.canadensis were studied using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology.【Result】The organic matter content in the rhizosphere soil of S.canadensis was significantly higher than that of non-rhizosphere soil,and there was no significant difference in water content.Regarding diversity and abundance of the microbial community,the Shannon and Simpson indices of rhizosphere soil bacteria were higher than those of non-rhizosphere soil,and the Chao1 and ACE indices were lower than those of non-rhizosphere soil.The Shannon and Simpson indices of fungi in rhizosphere soil were lower than those in non-rhizosphere soil,and the Chao1 and ACE indices were higher than those of non-rhizosphere soil.At the phylum level,the relative abundances of Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria were relatively high,and the proportions of the two in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil samples were 42.92%and 34.23%,respectively.Ascomycota accounted for 58.6%and 57.3%of the fungi in the rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil samples,respectively.At the genus level,the relative abundances of Candidatus Solibacter,Ellin6067,Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia,and Bradyrhizobium in rhizosphere soil bacteria were significantly higher than those of non-rhizosphere soils,whereas that of Acinetobacter was significantly lower than in non-rhizosphere soils.The relative abundances of Monographella,Phallus,Mortierella,Fusarium,and Clitopilus in the rhizosphere soil were significantly higher than those in the non-rhizosphere soil.The relative abundances of Sistotrema、unidentified_Ascomycota_sp、unidentified_Paraglomerales_sp,and Lecanora were significantly lower than those in non-rhizosphere soils.【Conclusions】The invasion of S.canadensis changed the structure and composition of the inter-root microbiological community compared to the non-rhizosphere.These results provide insights on the effects of the invasion of S.canadensis on soil.