基于URBANopt平台实现城市街区尺度的能耗模拟研究

Study on Energy Consumption Simulation of Urban Block Scale Based on URBANopt Platform

建筑群体的空间布局方式通过影响微气候进而影响建筑的使用能耗,因此通过规划空间干预手段,优化城市空间布局,可以达到节能减排的目的。本研究以上海典型居住街区为研究对象,利用Rhino和Grasshopper插件建构三维空间模型并计算得到居住街区的容积率、建筑密度、平均天空开敞度等形态指标,通过URBANopt平台对城市街区尺度的建筑群进行仿真并得到能耗数据。在此基础上,引入多元线性回归模型,建构城市空间形态与能耗回归模型,分析城市空间形态指标对建筑群能耗影响。研究结果表明容积率与平均天空开敞度对居住街区建筑群能耗影响较大,表明城市空间布局需要兼顾紧凑性与建筑之间通风、散热等效应,研究结果为优化城市空间布局,实现低碳城市规划设计提供了一定的数据参考依据。

The spatial layout of building clusters affects the energy consumption performance by affecting the microclimate.Therefore,it is possible to achieve the purpose of energy conservation and CO;emission reduction by means of the spatial intervention of urban planning to optimize the urban spatial patterns.This paper focuses on the typical residential blocks in Shanghai,China.Three-dimensional models have been built by Rhino and grasshopper plug-ins,and the morphological indices have been calculated such as FAR,SC,SVF,and so on.The energy consumption data of the blocks have been obtained by simulation in URBANopt platform.Based on the data sets,the multiple linear regression model is introduced in this study to build the urban morphological and energy consumption regressive model and to analyze the influence of urban morphological indices on energy consumption performance.The result shows that FAR and SVF are the most important factors in urban morphology,which means compact urban form as well as ventilation and heat dissipation need to be considered and balanced both in urban planning and design.This research results provides a reference for optimizing the urban space layout and realizing the low carbon urban planning and design.