费尔南德·普永的纪念性人居空间理念——从马赛旧港重建到阿尔及利亚低收入住宅区设计

Fernand Pouillon’s Design Philosophy about Living in the Monumental——From the Reconstruction of the Vieux-Port de Marseille to the Design of Climat de France

住宅区建设是法国二战后社会重建的核心工作之一,同时助推了现代主义建筑的快速发展。与意图摆脱历史传统、创造崭新城市居住空间的建筑师不同,建筑师费尔南德·普永提出让居民生活在纪念性中的设计理念,反对脱离传统文脉,这使得其被孤立在主流建筑界之外。从马赛旧港重建设计到阿尔及利亚低收入住宅区设计,费尔南德·普永的这一理念逐渐成熟并衍生出系统化的设计规则,即在城市空间总体布局、建筑尺度与比例、材料的运用三个维度寻求现代与传统的平衡,并创造出适合居民的、平凡且高贵的城市生活空间和公共空间。本文以费尔南德·普永在这两个时期设计的三组住宅区:拉图雷特住宅区、马赛旧港北岸住宅组团、"法国的气候"为主要研究对象,阐释费尔南德·普永这一理念的发展脉络、背后的真实动机及实践的具体方法。该研究一方面可以帮助当代建筑学界多维度地了解现代主义时期建筑设计理论发展的历史,另一方面也可以填充目前国内对于费尔南德·普永设计理念及相关历史研究的空缺。

Residential construction has always been one of the core work of social reconstruction after the Second World War in France,and also promoted the rapid development of modernist architecture. Unlike architects who want to break away from historical traditions and to create innovative urban living space, Fernand Pouillon not only kept connections with the traditional context, but also put forward the design concept of letting residents live in the monumental, which made him be isolated from the mainstream architecture. From the reconstruction of the Vieux-Port de Marseille to the design of Climat de France, this concept of F.Pouillon had gradually matured and had derived systematic design rules — to seek a balance between modernism and the tradition in the overall layout of urban space, architectural scale and proportion, and the use of materials, and to create ordinary but noble urban living spaces and public spaces suitable for residents.This paper takes the three Great Ensembles designed by F.Pouillon during these two periods as the main research objects, that is La Tourette residential area, residential complex on the north bank of the old port of Marseille, and "French climate", and explains the development context of this concept, the real motivation behind it, and the specific methods of his practice. On one hand, the research can help contemporary architecture circles to understand the history of the development of architectural design theory in the modernist period in multiple dimensions. On the other hand, it can also fill in the current domestic vacancies in the design concept of Fernand Pouillon and related historical research.