钟山书院与清代学术

The Zhongshan Academy and the Academics of the Qing Dynasty

钟山书院的学术史与清代学术的发展和变迁息息相关。自创立后,钟山书院在将近半个世纪的时间内,一直在程朱理学的势力统治之下。从顾镇担任院长开始,钟山书院逐渐成为乾嘉汉学的舞台。姚鼐主讲书院时,以钟山书院为基地,从真正意义上创立桐城派,并予以发展、壮大。乾嘉时期,钟山书院被誉为“海内四书院之冠”。钟山书院之所以能够成为清代著名书院,不仅因为受到各级政府的种种支持,而且得益于学术名家轮流主持讲席。随着一批汉学名家、理学名儒主持讲席,学术交流、碰撞与融合在钟山书院内不断进行,钟山书院长期引领学术风气之先,成为当时重要的学术中心。

The academic history of the Zhongshan Academy closely relates to the academics in the Qing Dynasty.Since its establishment,the Zhongshan Academy had been under the influence of Neo-Confucianism for nearly half a century.Beginning with GU Zhen as president,the Zhongshan Academy gradually became the stage of textology.When YAO Nai was president,he founded the Tongcheng School.During the period of Qianlong(1736-1796)and Jiaqing(1796-1820),the Academy was regarded as the No.1 of the four Academies.It could become a famous Academy not only because of all kinds of support from governments at all levels,but also the academic masters in various periods.With a number of famous scholars as principals,academic exchanging was carried out there,making it an important academic center at that time.