免疫缺陷大鼠模型的研究进展

Recent progress in development of immunodeficient rat models

免疫缺陷动物模型是指通过筛选自发突变或者基因工程改造建立的缺失一种或多种免疫系统组分,并用于生物医学研究的动物模型。免疫缺陷小鼠模型发展较为成熟,为人源化、患者来源异种移植(patient-derived xenograft,PDX)、干细胞移植以及传染性疾病等研究提供了良好的工具。与小鼠相比,大鼠具有体型更大,代谢和生理与人更接近,更易进行手术操作、样本获取,以及长期应用于临床前毒理和药理的评估等优势。因此,近年来出现了各种免疫缺陷大鼠模型。文章通过动物模型之间的比较,着重综述了免疫缺陷大鼠模型的最新进展,并展望其在干细胞研究和抗肿瘤治疗中的应用前景。

Immunodeficient animal models are generated for biomedical research by spontaneous mutations or genome editing to remove one or more components of the immune system.Immunodeficient mice models have been well established,which provide good tools for many research areas such as humanize mice,patient-derived xenograft(PDX),stem cell transplantation and infectious diseases.Compared with mice,however,rats have the advantages of large size,more similar to human metabolically and physiologically,easier surgical operation and sample collection,and long-term applicated in preclinical toxicology and pharmacology.Therefore,in recent years,a variety of immunodeficient rat models have emerged.By comparing different animal models,this review mainly focuses on the recent advances in immunodeficient rat models,and discusses their potential applications in stem cell and antitumor therapy.