食用马桑叶蓖麻蚕蚕蛹的营养组分及食用安全性评价

Evaluation on Nutritional Components and Edible Safety of Philosamia cynthia ricini Boisduval Pupae Reared with Coriaria sinica Leaves

为研究食用马桑叶的蓖麻蚕蚕蛹(以下简称马桑蚕蛹)的营养价值和食用安全性,文中分析了马桑蚕蛹的基本营养成分,氨基酸、脂肪酸、维生素、矿质元素含量以及马桑毒素及有害金属在蚕蛹中的残留情况,并采用动物饲喂试验对马桑蚕蛹的食用安全性进行评价。结果显示:马桑蚕蛹中粗蛋白质量分数为16.0%,含有人体所需的多种氨基酸,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸质量分数比值为0.5832,必需氨基酸与总氨基酸的质量分数比值为0.3684;马桑蚕蛹粗脂肪质量分数为0.7%,含α-亚麻酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸等多种脂肪酸,并且不饱和脂肪酸含量较高;马桑蚕蛹矿质元素丰富,高钾低钠,铁、硒含量尤为突出;马桑蚕蛹砷、镉、铅、汞、铬等有害重金属残留量均符合食品安全标准;马桑蚕蛹未检出羟基马桑毒素、马桑宁、马桑亭等马桑植株毒素残留,小鼠急性经口毒性试验表明其实际无毒。可见马桑蚕蛹食用安全,营养价值优于蓖麻叶、木薯叶饲养的蓖麻蚕蛹,是一种健康理想的高蛋白、低脂肪食品原料。

In order to study the nutritional value and edible safety of castor silkworm pupae reared with Coriaria sinica leaves(hereinafter abbreviated as Coriaria sinica silkworm pupa),the contents of basic nutrients,amino acids,fatty acids,vitamins and mineral elements,as well as the residues of coriaria toxin and harmful metals in silkworm pupae were analyzed.The toxicity of silkworm pupae was tested by animal feeding.The results were as follows:the crude protein content in Coriaria sinica silkworm pupae was 16.0%,which contained many kinds of amino acids needed by human body.The ratio of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids(EAA/NEAA)was 0.5832,and the ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids(EAA/TAA)was 0.3684.The content of crude fat of Coriaria sinica silkworm pupae was only 0.7%,which contained a variety of fatty acids,such asα-linolenic acid,linoleic acid,and palmitic acid,as well as a high content of unsaturated fatty acids.Coriaria sinica silkworm pupae contained a lot of mineral elements,high in potassium and low in sodium,especially rich in iron and selenium elements.As for the residues of harmful heavy metal elements,the contents of arsenic,cadmium,lead,mercury and chromium in Coriaria sinica silkworm pupae were all within the limit of food safety standard.And no coriaria toxins such as the tutin,corianin or coriatin were detected.The results of oral acute toxicity test in mice showed that the Coriaria sinica silkworm pupae was non-toxic.Therefore,it could be concluded that Coriaria sinica silkworm pupae was an ideal high-protein and low-fat food material,which was safe for eating and had higher nutritional values than castor silkworm pupae fed with castor and cassava leaves.