乡村治理现代化过程中宗族与地权稳定性

Clans and Stability of Land Property Rights during the Process of Modernizing Rural Governance

本文基于村庄政治介入不足状态下地权竞争的分析发现,多宗族的存在与制衡有助于稳定地权并提高其可交易性。即使宗族力量对比失衡,弱者反抗和政治介入也能够有效限制宗族对地权稳定性的不利影响,甚至加固地权稳定性。利用2016年中国劳动力动态调查数据实证研究结果显示:(1)宗族间的相互制衡会使得农地调整更容易按照村民诉求进行,农地承包经营权证书发放率和农地流转率也更高;(2)当村庄农业劳动力占比提高及村庄处于偏远山区所表征的农地重要性提高时,宗族力量对比失衡对地权稳定性和农地流转的抑制性会被有效削弱;(3)随着政治介入,宗族按照势力配置村庄地权并抑制农地流转的行动逻辑将被有效限制。此外,宗族力量对比失衡与地权稳定性的负向关系仅出现在南方地区,具有典型的区域差异性。本文强调,宗族间的相互制衡、宗族面临弱者反抗和政治介入时的自我约束,均具有稳定地权和促使村庄资源合理配置的作用。这对于祛除宗族糟粕、取其精华,发挥其对党领导的乡村治理现代化的助益作用具有借鉴意义。

Based on the analysis of the competition for land property rights in the absence of sufficient political interventions in villages,this paper finds that the existence of and balance among multiple clans help to stabilize land property rights and improve their tradability.Even if clans’ power is unbalanced,the resistance from the weaks and political intervention can still effectively limit the negative effect of clans on the stability of land property rights,and even strengthen the stability of land property rights.Drawing on the 2016 China Labor Dynamic Survey,the empirical results show that the balance among clans make it easier to redistribute farmlands according to villagers’ demands,and the issuance rate of land certificates and land transfer rates are also higher.Meanwhile,when the proportion of agricultural laborers in total labor force within villages or the importance of farmland increases,the negative effect of clans on the stability of land property rights and land transfers will be effectively weakened.Further analysis indicates that with the infiltration of political interventions,the action of configuring land property rights according to power and restraining land transfer by clans will be effectively restrained.Additionally,the negative relationship between the imbalance of clan power and the stability of land property rights only appears in southern China.This paper emphasizes that the balance among clans,the self-restraint of clans facing the resistance from the weak and political interventions are conducive to stabilizing land property rights and realizing the rational allocation of village resources.This is of significant reference for removing the dross of clan,obtaining its essence and exerting its beneficial effect on the modernization of rural governance led by the party.