程明善及其《啸余谱·诗余谱》新探

New Exploration of Cheng Mingshan and His Shi Yu Pu of the Xiao Yu Pu

程明善字若水,号挹玄道人,歙县人,程明哲之弟,明天启中监生,主要生活在万历中后期至崇祯年间;佞佛好道,喜藏书,尝于古佛腹中获《唐开元占经》一书;曾从焦竑、马鸣霆等名家问学,与著名藏书家黄居中父子及"竟陵派"代表人物钟惺等亦有交游。《啸余谱》是一部以纂辑词曲谱为主的类书,所辑各书皆有交待或可考明。其中,《诗余谱》乃辑录徐师曾所撰《文体明辩》附录之《诗余》谱,历代多误混不辨,这与原书流传不广、清人对明代词谱的贬抑态度有关。程明善纂辑《啸余谱》是以歌源出于啸、词曲皆声之绪余等文学思想为指导,表现出探求词曲文学演变、树帜吟坛、指导创作的愿望与努力。程明善对《诗余谱》谱式的改进、阙误的补正,为清词创作的复兴和词谱学的发展做出了一定的贡献。

Cheng Mingshan’s literary name is Ruoshui,and his pseudonym is Yixuan Taoist.He is a native of She county.Furthermore,he is the younger brother of Cheng Mingzhe,and also a student of the imperial college in the Tianqi years of Ming Dynasty.He mainly lived from the middle and late Wanli to Chongzhen years.He was fond of Buddhism and collecting books,and he once got the book Tang Kaiyuan Zhanjing in the belly of ancient Buddha.He learned after celebrated scholars such as Jiao Hong and Ma Mingting,and also gained fellowship with the illustrious book collector Huang Juzhong and his son.He also made friends with Zhong Xing,a representative of the"Jingling School".Xiao Yu Pu is a genre of book that mainly compiles music of Ci and Qu.All the books compiled have explanations and can be verified.Among them,Shi Yu Pu is a collection of Shi Yu music in the Stylistic Discrimination written by Xu Shizeng.It has been wrongly mixed up for many generations,which is related to the poor circulation of the original book and the derogatory attitude of the Qing people towards the Ci music in Ming Dynasty.The compilation of Xiao Yu Pu by Cheng Mingshan is guided by the literary thought that the song originates from Xiao and both of Ci and Qu are the threads of sound.It shows the desire and efforts to explore the literature evolution of Ci and Qu and to establish a banner in poetry circles and to guide creation.Cheng Mingshan’s improvement of the spectral form and correction of the missing errors in Shi Yu Pu have made a certain contribution to the revival of Qing Ci creation and the development of lexicology.