通过心率变异性联合儿茶酚胺和常规生化指标监控优秀赛艇运动员身体机能状态

The Monitoring of Physical Functions in Elite Rowers by Combining Heart Rate Variability,Catecholamine and Routine Biochemical Indexes

目的:尝试应用心率变异性(HRV)相关指标联合儿茶酚胺(CA)和常规生化指标监控优秀赛艇运动员重大比赛前的身体机能状态,并探讨将HRV作为运动员机能状态诊断的补充性指标。方法:以14名优秀男子公开级赛艇运动员为试验对象,在训练前1周及14周的赛前训练过程中进行2周1次的HRV、CA和常规生化指标测试。结果:1)在赛前训练过程中,HRV的时域指标相邻R-R间期差值的均方根(RMSSD)在整体上存在显著的时间效应(P<0.05),而正常窦性R-R间期标准差(SDNN)在各时点均无明显差异。与训练前相比,RMSSD在第8周时显著升高(P<0.05);2)频域指标总功率(TP)在整体上存在显著的时间效应(P<0.05),而高频功率(HF)、低频功率(LF)和低高频比值(LF/HF)在各时点均无明显差异。与训练前相比,TP在上量第6周和上强度第2周时显著降低(P<0.05);3)血尿素(BU)、血清肌酸激酶(CK)、血清睾酮(T)和血清皮质醇(C)在整体上存在显著的时间效应(P<0.05)。与训练前相比,BU、CK和C在上量和上强度训练结束时均降低,而T则在上强度训练结束时显著升高(P<0.05);4)血浆CA在整体上存在显著的时间效应(P<0.05)。与训练前相比,肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)和多巴胺(DA)(除第2、6、12周轻微降低外)在各时点均明显降低(P<0.05);5)RMSSD与NE呈显著负相关(P<0.05),SDNN、RMSSD、LF与BU呈显著正相关(P<0.05),RMSSD和HF与C呈显著负相关(P<0.05),LF/HF与C呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论:1)以水上和专项力量耐力训练内容为主,以氧利用2和氧利用1训练强度为主,以无氧阈及以上训练强度为辅的14周赛前训练,能够增强赛艇运动员机体的训练适应能力,提高赛前身体机能状态;2)HRV的部分指标与生化指标和血浆CA存在显著相关,可将HRV作为运动员身体机能状态监控的补充性指标。

Objective:To monitor the physical functions of elite rowers before major competitions by using heart rate variability(HRV),catecholamine(CA)and routine biochemical indexes,so as to explore HRV as a supplementary index for the diagnosis of athletes’functional state.Methods:14 outstanding male open-class rowers were recruited in this study,and HRV,CA and routine biochemical indexes were tested once every two weeks during the first week before training and 14 weeks before competition.Results:1)In the pre-competition training process,the time-domain index RMSSD of HRV has significant time effects(P<0.05),but SDNN has no significant difference at each time point.Compared with pre-training,RMSSD was increased significantly at the 8th week(P<0.05);2)TP also has significant time effects(P<0.05),but HF,LF and LF/HF were not observed significant difference at each time point.Compared with pre-training,TP was decreased significantly at the 6th week(high training volume)and the 2nd week(high training intensity)(P<0.05);3)All of BU,CK,T and C have significant time effects(P<0.05).Compared with pre-training,BU,CK and C were decreased at the end of high-volume and high-intensity training,while T was increased significantly at the end of high-intensity training(P<0.05);4)Plasma CA has significant time effects(P<0.05).Compared with pre-training,E,NE and DA were decreased significantly at most time points(P<0.05);5)RMSSD was negatively correlated with NE(P<0.05),SDNN,RMSSD and LF were positively correlated with BU,RMSSD and HF were negatively correlated with C,LF/HF was positively correlated with C(P<0.05).Conclusions:1)The 14-week pre-competition training with a main content of water and special strength endurance training and a main training intensity of oxygen utilization 2 and oxygen utilization 1 can enhance the training adaptability of rowers,and then improve the pre-competition physical function;2)Some indexes of HRV have significant correlation with biochemical indexes and plasma CA,so HRV can be used as a supplementary index to monitor athletes’physical function.