学术劳动力市场、供给侧拐点与博士生培养结构调整——基于三方博弈模型的分析

Academic Labor Market, Supply-side Turning Point and Adjustment of Doctoral Education Structure——An Analysis Based on Tripartite Game Model

我国博士生教育规模扩张带来了日益突出的学术劳动力市场结构性供需矛盾。基于历史发展和学科分割的视角,本研究发现:2010年我国学术劳动力市场供需结构第一次出现供给侧"拐点",而不同学科学术劳动力供需结构出现"拐点"的时间略有差异。供给侧"拐点"出现以后,学术劳动力市场对于博士生准入越发严格,学术标准不断提高,学术职业竞争力不断增强,必然对博士生培养结构调整提出了新要求。因此,推进学术劳动力市场供给侧改革需要解决高等教育资源粗放式投入和博士生精准培养不足等问题,这就需要政府、高校、市场在相互博弈过程中同向发力形成协同控制机制,推动我国学术劳动力市场向需求侧"二次拐点"方向发展,实现博士生培养结构的优化。

With the continuous expansion of Chinese doctoral education, the structural supply-demand contradiction of the academic labor market becomes increasingly prominent. Based on the perspective of history and discipline, we found that, in 2010, a "turning point" appeared in the supply-demand structure of the academic labor market at the first time, and the academic labor market of different disciplines had their own "turning point" that appeared in different time. After the "turning point", under the double pressure from domestic and foreign academic labor markets, the access to the academic labor market for doctorate recipients becomes more limited, and the academic standard continues improving while the competition in academic profession keeps increasing. Therefore, the quality and structure of doctoral education are facing severer challenges. Hence, the supply-side reform of the academic labor market will start from solving the problems of resource inputting and education positioning. The government, universities and job market should move together, and form a collaborative control mechanism in the process of game, to promote the academic labor market moving towards the "second turning point" on the demand side, and to optimize the structure of doctoral education.