青少年优秀射击运动员瞄准期脑电及心率变异性变化特征研究

Characteristics of EEG and heart rate variability changes in adolescent elite shooters during aiming period

【目的】通过分析青少年优秀射击运动员瞄准期脑电图(EEG)及心率变异性(HRV)为专项人才选拔提供依据。【方法】选取重庆市射击运动学校青少年气步枪射击运动员18名(成绩优秀组10名,一般水平组8名),对其闭眼安静状态和瞄准期各脑区的θ、α1、α2、β频段脑电功率谱和HRV进行分析。【结果】青少年优秀组瞄准期额区θ频段功率谱明显增加(P<0.05)。青少年一般水平组α1功率值在两侧枕区明显降低(P<0.05),β频段功率在顶区及两侧枕区明显降低(P<0.05);其余指标变化两组均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。【结论】瞄准期与闭眼安静状态基线值的EEG变化特征可以反映青少年射击运动员在竞技状态和放松时大脑的调节功能。

【Objective】To analyze the electroencephalogram(EEG)and heart rate variability(HPV)of adolescent elite shooters during the aiming period provides a basis for the selection of special talents.【Methods】18 adolescent air rifle shooters in Chongqing Shooting Sports School were selected(10 in the excellent group and 8 in the general group),α1,α2,βband EEG power spectrum and HPV were measured and analyzed in the quiet state with eyes closed and during aiming period.【Results】The power spectrum of theθband in the aiming period of the excellent youth group increased significantly(P<0.05).The power values of theα1 frequency bands in the adolescent general level group were significantly reduced in the occipital area on both sides(P<0.05),the power in theβfrequency band was significantly reduced in the parietal area and the occipital area on both sides(P<0.05);There was no statistical difference in the changes of other indicators(P>0.05).【Conclusion】The characteristics of EEG changes in the baseline value of the aiming period and the quiet state with closed eyes could reflect the adjustment function of the brain of adolescent shooters in the competitive state and relaxation.