中国工业技术进步的百年探索:历程、经验与展望--透视中国共产党百年奋斗历程

Centenary of Exploration of China’s Industrial Technological Progress:Achievement,Experience and Prospects-Perspective of 100-Year Struggle of the Communist Party of China

一百年来中国工业技术进步经历了从落后到追赶再到部分领先的过程。新中国成立后,中国工业生产力迅速提升,技术进步显著,高新技术及有关产业快速发展。其最重要的经验在于:第一,从人的角度出发,通过科教兴国战略积累了大量人力资本基础,通过优化生产关系充分调动了劳动者推动技术进步的积极性。第二,有效发挥了中国共产党领导下中国特色社会主义制度的优越性,通过顶层设计和五年规划引导推动技术进步的阶段目标和路线,利用举国体制集中攻关关键核心技术。第三,充分学习和借鉴其他国家的先进技术。当前,中国工业技术还面临着关键领域创新能力不强、工业企业的创新动力仍待激发、部分发达国家对中国进行技术封锁的威胁加大等问题。需要继续发挥举国体制优势,加快推进关键核心技术的攻关,进一步扩大高质量对外开放以提升工业技术进步的质量,多管齐下进一步激发企业的创新活力。

In the past 100 years,China’s industrial technology has gone through the process of falling behind,catching up and partially leading.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,industrial productivity is increasing rapidly,technological progress is remarkable,and high-tech and related industries develop rapidly.The most important experiences are as follows.Firstly,from the perspective of human,a large number of human capital bases are accumulated through the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education,and the enthusiasm of labor to promote technological progress is fully mobilized by optimizing production of relations.Secondly,under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,the superiority of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics can be realized in an effective way.Through the top-level design and the five-year plan,the stage objectives and routes to promote technological progress can be guided,and the key core technologies can be tackled intensively by the national system.Thirdly,advanced technology of other countries are fully learned from.At present,China’s industrial technology is still facing problems,such as weak innovation capabilities in key areas,relatively low innovation motivation of industrial enterprises,and increased threats of the technological blockade by some developed countries.Therefore,it is necessary to continue to utilize the advantages of the national system to accelerate the tackling of key core technologies,further expand the high-quality opening to the outside world to improve the quality of industrial technological progress,and further stimulate the innovative vitality of enterprises through a multi-pronged approach.