外资企业技术授权与劳动力技能结构升级 --来自世界银行中国企业调查数据的经验证据

Foreign Enterprise Technology Licensing and Upgrade of Labor Skill Structure-Empirical Evidence from 2012 China Enterprise Survey Data of the World Bank

在中国高技能劳动力供给不断增加的背景下,引进国外先进生产技术能够促进本土企业实现技术进步,进而扩大企业对高技能劳动力的相对需求。作为技术引进的途径之一,本土企业使用外资企业授权的生产技术与企业内高技能劳动力就业的关系却较少受到关注。本文利用世界银行2012年中国企业调查数据对这一问题进行初步探索。研究结果表明,获得外资企业技术授权能够显著提升劳动力技能结构,影响途径包括生产规模扩张、研发投入增加和资本深化。其中,生产规模和研发投入为正向途径,资本深化为反向途径。此外,外资企业技术授权作为本土企业扩大对高技能劳动力的相对需求的途径之一,对避免技能层面的要素错配和结构性失业具有重要意义。

Facing the increasing supply of high-skilled labor in China,the introduction of advanced foreign production technology can promote local enterprises to achieve technological progress,and then expand the relative demand for high-skilled labor.As one of the ways to introduce advanced technology,the impact of using the production technology licensed by foreign enterprises on the labor skill structure,however,received little attention.Based on the 2012 China enterprise survey data of the World Bank,this paper studies the impact on the local labor skill structure when enterprises use technology licensed by foreign enterprises.It is found that foreign technology licensing can significantly upgrade the labor skill structure.Its influencing ways include the expansion of production scale,the increase of R&D investment and the deepening of capital,where the former two are the positive ways,and the latter is the negative way.Besides,foreign technology licensing is one of the ways for local enterprises to expand the relative demand for high-skilled labor,which is of great significance to avoid factor mismatch and structural unemployment at the labor skill level.