19067例无偿献血志愿者HBV、HIV感染筛查结果分析

Analysis of the screening results of HBV/HIV infection in 19,067 volunteers who donated blood without pay

目的:调查分析19 067例无偿献血志愿者的乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染筛查结果,为临床了解HBV、HIV感染率、输血残留风险及其危险因素提供参考。方法:对2015年1月至2019年12月在西安市血站检验的19 067例无偿献血志愿者的血液标本进行HBV、HIV检验,分析无偿献血志愿者的检测结果、分布特征、感染危险因素及输血残余风险。结果:19 067例无偿献血志愿者共检出HBV、HIV感染392例(2.06%),其中HBV、HIV感染检测阳性率分别为1.93%(3 368/19 067)、0.13%(24/19 067),均呈逐年上升趋势,HBV感染率由2015年的1.06%上升到2019年的2.55%,HIV感染率由2015年的0.03%上升到2019年的0.25%。居住地分布(OR=1.791,95%CI=1.017~3.156)、性取向分布(OR=2.467,95%CI=1.264~4.813)、献血史分布(OR=2.385,95%CI=1.159~4.905)均为影响无偿献血志愿者HBV、HIV感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。无偿献血志愿者HBV、HIV感染的输血残余总风险为8.27×10^(-5)。居住于城市者的输血残余风险(8.95×10^(-5))最高,居住于乡镇者的输血残余风险(3.01×10^(-5))次之,居住于农村者的输血残余风险(1.02×10^(-5))最低。性取向异常者的输血残余风险(35.48×10^(-5))高于性取向正常者的输血残余风险(0.39×10^(-5))。重复献血者的输血残余风险(24.22×10^(-5))高于首次献血者的输血残余风险(6.67×10^(-5))。结论:该市无偿献血志愿者的HBV、HIV感染率较高,且有逐年上升趋势,同时,居住于城市者、性取向异常者和重复献血者的HBV、HIV感染率和输血残留风险较高。

Objective:To investigate and analyze the screening results of HBV and HIV infection in 19,067 volunteers who donated blood freely,and to provide reference for scientific prevention and treatment of HBV and HIV infection in blood transfusion.Methods:The blood samples of 19,067 volunteers(from January 2015 to December 2019) were tested for HBV and HIV.The detection results,distribution characteristics,risk factors of infection and residual risk of blood transfusion were analyzed.Results:A total of 392 cases(2.06%) of HBV and HIV infection were detected in 19,067 volunteers.The positive rates of HBV and HIV infection were 1.93%(3368/19067) and 0.13%(24/19067) respectively,which showed an increasing trend year by year.The infection rate of HBV increased from 1.06% in 2015 to 2.55% in 2019,and the infection rate of HIV increased from 0.03%to 0.25% in 2015 to 2019.Residence distribution(OR=1.791,95% CI=1.017-3.156),sexual orientation distribution(OR=2.467,95% CI=1.264-4.813),blood donation history distribution(OR=2.385,95% CI=1.159-4.905)were independent risk factors for HBV and HIV infection in volunteers who donated blood for free(P<0.05).The total residual risk of HBV and HIV infection in volunteers was 8.27×10^(-5).Residual risk of blood transfusion(8.95×10^(-5)) was the highest among urban residents,followed by that of township residents(3.01×10^(-5)),and that of rural residents(1.02×10^(-5)) was the lowest.The residual risk of blood transfusion in abnormal sexual orientation(35.48×10^(-5)) was higher than that in normal sexual orientation(0.39×10^(-5)).The residual risk of repetitive donors(24.22×10^(-5)) was higher than that of first-time donors(6.67×10^(-5)).Conclusion:The infection rate of HBV and HIV among volunteers who donate blood freely in this city is relatively high,and it is increasing year by year.The infection rate of HBV and HIV and the risk of residual blood transfusion are higher in people who live in cities,have abnormal sexual orientation,or experience repeated blood donations.