宁夏贺兰山保护区采煤迹地乡土植物物种研究

Species of Native Plants in Coal Mining Area of Helan Mountains in Ningxia

为了掌握贺兰山保护区采煤迹地乡土物种资源状况,本文对宁夏贺兰山保护区露天采煤迹地自然生长的乡土植物物种进行全面系统调查,对其科属分布、植物学特征、适生生境特征进行了分析。结果表明:矿渣土上天然生长的植物有64种,分属19科51属,其中优势科有苋科(Amaranthaceae)5属7种,豆科(Leguminosae)7属10种,菊科(Asteraceae)8属12种,禾本科(Gramineae)12属12种。按生活型划分,小乔木植物2种,灌木、小灌木植物21种,草本植物41种,其中多年生草本植物33种,一年生草本植物8种。从乡土物种资源化利用角度来看,应综合不同生境以旱榆(Ulmus glaucescens)、沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)、狭叶锦鸡儿(Caragana stenophylla)、中亚紫菀木(Asterothamnus centrali asiaticus)等旱生灌木,以及白茎盐生草(Halogeton arachnoideus)、斜茎黄耆(Astragalus laxmannii)、猪毛菜(Salsola collina)、沙蒿(Artemisia giraldii)、短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)等耐旱草本乡土物种为贺兰山生态修复关键物种。浅山区可以考虑酸枣(Ziziphus jujuba)、红砂(Reaumuria soongarica)、柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)、罗布麻(Apocynum venetum)、灌木铁线莲(Clematis fruticosa)、灰绿黄堇(Corydalis adunca)等物种,采取人工扩繁途径实现产业化,为贺兰山矿区植被恢复提供特色种子和种苗。

In order to grasp the status of native species resources in coal mining sites in Helan Mountains Reserve,this paper conducts a comprehensive and systematic investigation of native plant species that grow naturally in open coal mining sites in Helan Mountain Reserve in Ningxia,and conducts a comprehensive and systematic survey of their family and genera distribution,botany characteristics,and characteristics of suitable habitats.analyze.The results showed that there are 64 species of plants naturally growing on the slag soil,belonging to 19 families and 51 genera,among which the dominant families are concentrated inAmaranthaceae,5 genera and 7 species,Legumes,7 genera and 10 species.Asteraceae of 8 genera and 12 species,and Gramineae of 12 genera and 12 species.Divided by life type,there are 2 species of small tree plants,21 species of shrubs and small shrubs,41 species of herbaceous plants,including 33 species of perennial herbs and 8 species of annual herbs.From the perspective of the resource utilization of native species,different habitats should be integrated with shrubs such as Ulmus glaucescen,Amopiptanthus mongolicus,Caragana stenophylla,Asterothamnus centrali asiaticus,and other drought-tolerant herbaceous native species including Halogeton arachnoideus,Astragalus laxmannii,Salsola collina,Artemisia giraldii and Stipa breviflora.In shallow mountainous areas,species such as Ziziphus jujuba,Reaumuri asoongarica,Tamarix chinensis,Apocynum venetum,Clematis fruticosa,Corydalis adunca,etc.can be considered,and artificial propagation methods can be adopted to realize industrialization and provide special seeds and seedlings for vegetation restoration in the Helan Mountains mining area.