宁夏引黄灌区冬小麦产业发展回顾与对策研究

Review and Perspective of the Development of Winter Wheat Industry in Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia

宁夏引黄灌区冬小麦引种试种试验始于1990年,育种工作始于1991年。经过近30年的不懈努力,宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所品种资源研究室共引进国内外冬小麦种质资源5000余份,从中筛选出冬小麦品种1个,杂交选育出2个,实现了引黄灌区冬小麦第3、第4次更新换代,为宁夏地区粮食安全、耕作改制及种植业结构调整作出重要贡献。近年来,灌区冬小麦发展遇到瓶颈:现有冬小麦品种的成熟期不能有效支撑麦后复种需求,品质不能满足粮食企业的加工要求和人们食用的口感需求。冬小麦育种工作者及时调整育种目标,以早熟、优质为主要选育性状,引进、发掘一批早熟、优质冬小麦种质资源,培育出早熟冬小麦新品系,基本满足了麦后复种的需求;同时,利用分子标记辅助选择育种,加强冬小麦品质育种,冬小麦品质逐步改良。早熟冬小麦收获后复种青贮玉米“一年两熟”种植模式可以充分利用引黄灌区光、热、水、土资源,有效缓解人畜争粮、粮饲争地的矛盾,既能保障粮食安全,提供丰富的优质饲草,还能实现土地轮作倒茬,抑制田间病虫草害发生,较好地适应了当地气候条件变化和产业发展需求,是一种比较效益高的适应性耕作模式。在宁夏大力发展畜奶业的政策导向下,“冬小麦-青贮玉米”一年两熟制具有非常广阔的发展前景。

The introduction trial of winter wheat in Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia began in 1990,and the breeding work began in 1991.After nearly 30 years of unremitting efforts,Crops Institute of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences of variety resources research were introduced at home and abroad of winter wheat germplasm resources of more than 5000 copies of the sifting one winter wheat varieties and hybrid bred two,implements the cooperatives.The winter wheat upgrades,third,fourth time for regional food security,farming system and planting structure adjustment make an important contribution.In recent years,the development of winter wheat in irrigated areas has encountered a bottleneck problem,including the mature stage of the existing winter wheat varieties cannot effectively support the demand for post-cropping wheat,and the quality cannot meet the processing requirements of grain enterprises and the taste requirements of people.Winter wheat breeders adjusted their breeding targets in time,introduced and discovered a batch of early and high-quality winter wheat germplasm resources,and bred new early winter wheat lines,which basically met the requirements of later reseeding.Meanwhile,molecular marker assisted selective breeding was used to enhance the quality breeding of winter wheat,and the quality of winter wheat was gradually improved.Early winter wheat after harvest cropping silage maize"annual double-ripe crop"planting patterns can not only make full use of the light,heat,water and soil resources of Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia,effectively ease the people and animals for food,food feeding,the contradiction of the land can guarantee food security,and can provide abundant high quality forage grass,and implement the land rotation low-toxin chemical,insects pests and inhibition of the field,better adapted to the local climate change and the demand of industrial development,is a kind of relatively high efficiency adaptive cultivation mode.Under the guidance of the policy of vigorously developing the dairy storage industry in The autonomous region,the"winter wheat-silage corn"of annual double-ripe crop system has a very broad development prospect.