论债权人撤销权的私益性及其实现

On the Private Benefit of Creditors'Right of Avoidance and Its Realization

债权人撤销权的法律效果在条文、实务、理论中呈现多维状态。争议核心应被归结为债权人撤销权的私益性而非优先受偿。该私益性不与债权平等原则冲突,反而能保持债之保全体系内部的协调。此种私益性无法通过转变债权人撤销权性质,在债权人撤销权上叠加强代位执行等方式得到实现。可尝试的完善路径是将债权人撤销权与债权人代位权进行衔接。在行使条件方面,债权人撤销权的行使条件本质上严苛于债权人代位权,前者获得满足时,后者亦能获得满足。在诉讼性质方面,可以在诉讼标的“事件说”下将“撤销权+代位权”之诉定性为一个独立的诉;亦可将“撤销权+代位权”之诉认定为是债权人撤销权之诉与债权人代位权之诉的合并,属于主观重叠合并之诉。

The legal effect of creditor's right of revocation is multi-dimensional in text,practice and theory.The core of the controversy should be attributed to the private benefit of the creditor's right of avoidance rather than the priority of payment.This private nature does not conflict with the principle of equality of claims,but maintains the harmony within the system of debt preservation.This private benefit cannot be achieved by changing the nature of the creditor's avoidance right and strengthening subrogation on top of the creditor's avoidance right.A possible path of improvement is to connect creditor avoidance with creditor subrogation.In terms of the conditions of exercise,the conditions of creditor's avoidance are essentially stricter than those of creditor's subrogation,and when the former is satisfied,the latter can also be satisfied.In the nature of the lawsuit,the subject matter of the lawsuit"event"will be"avoidance+subrogation"of the lawsuit as an independent lawsuit;can also be"avoidance+subrogation"of the lawsuit The"avoidance+subrogation"law-suit can be regarded as the merging of the creditor's avoidance lawsuit and the creditor's subrogation lawsuit,which is a subjective overlapping merging lawsuit.