凝结的基因:民间手工艺模件化造物中的“图”与“技”

Condensed Genes:“Image”and“Skill”in the Modularizationof Folk Handicrafts

文化基因是文化得以传递的复制因子。民间手工艺的造物实践中,图像与技艺在传递过程中沉淀为稳定的图像基因与技艺基因,二者以“样式”与“法式”的规律性总结形成民间手工艺区别于其他手工艺的重要特质,即模件化的造物实践。这一造物实践以“图”“技”的共融、互嵌,形成成熟的模件实体——模具。从最初的手工艺图像、技艺的探索、完善到传递过程中基因的形成、沉淀,再到最后的模具实体的产生,这是民间手工艺模件化造物的不断成熟的过程。模件的单元化和支撑构架的“信息打包”方式以及两者的互嵌、共融极易在手工艺的造物实践中形成惯例,并进一步细化手工艺人的劳动分工。同时,“图”“技”共融与手工艺接受群体之间形成互动,不仅利于加强民族成员对本民族文化的认同,在此基础上还更加有利于文化的传承。

Cultural genes are the replication factors through which culture is transmitted.In the creation practice of folk craftsmanship,images and skills are precipitated into stable image genes and craftsman genes during the transfer process.Both of them summarize the regularity of“style”and“rules”to form an important feature that distinguishes folk craftsmanship from other craftsmanship,namely modular creation practice.This creation practice is based on the integration and mutual embedding of“image”and“skill”to form a mature modular entity-mold.From the initial exploration and perfection of handicraft images and skills to the formation and precipitation of genes during the transfer process,and finally the creation of the last mold entity,this is a process of continuous maturation of folk handicraft modular products.The modularization of the module and the“information packaging”method of the supporting framework,as well as the mutual embedding and integration of the two,can easily form conventions in the craftsman’s creation practice,and further refine the division of labor of the craftsman.At the same time,the interaction between the“image”and“skill”and the acceptance of handicraft groups is not only conducive to strengthening the identity of ethnic members to their own national culture,but also more conducive to cultural heritage.