贵州省鱼洞河流域桃子冲岩溶泉污染现状及机理

Taozichong Karst Spring Pollution Status and Mechanism in Yudonghe Valley,Guizhou Province

21世纪以来,贵州省凯里市鱼洞河流域煤矿的无序开采致使多个岩溶泉及多条地下暗河遭受污染,给当地百姓生活带来严重的危害。天然的喀斯特岩溶地质特征又导致其污染机理复杂,治理难度大。以鱼洞河流域地区桃子冲泉为例,通过对万利-青杠坳煤矿开采历史的调研及现场勘查,结合水质化验资料,深入探讨了桃子冲泉污染现状及机理。研究结果表明:桃子冲泉水质pH值、SO_(4)^(2-)、Fe^(2+)、Mn^(2+)值均超出地表水源地相关标准,其中Fe^(2+)超过标准相应限值145倍;桃子冲泉污染物主要来源于万利-青杠坳煤矿的采空区酸性废水,煤层开采导致其底板破坏,裂隙发育导通了下部桃子冲泉岩溶通道,进而矿井废水混入桃子冲泉,造成泉水污染。

Since the 21st century,disordered coal mining in the Yudonghe valley,Kaili City,Guizhou Province has caused multiple karst springs and multiple underground rivers polluted and brought serious hazards on local civilian livelihood.Natural karst geological features have resulted in complex pollution mechanism and large difficult in governance.Taking the Taozichong spring in Yudonghe valley as an example,through surveying and site prospecting of the Wanli-Qinggang’ao coalmine mining history,combined with water quality tested data have discussed the spring’s pollution status and mechanism in detail.The result has shown that the spring water pH,SO_(4)^(2-),Fe^(2+)andMn^(2+)values are all exceeded surface water head site related criteria,in which,Fe^(2+)exceeded criterion corresponding limit 145 times.Pollutants in the spring water are mainly acidic waste water from Wanli-Qinggang’ao coalmine gob areas.Coal mining has caused coal floor failure,developed fissures have conducted lower Taozichong spring karst channels,and then coalmine waste water mingled into spring water and caused pollution.