基于灰色关联与TOPSIS耦合模型的甜瓜水肥灌溉决策

Water and Fertilizer Irrigation Decision of Melon Based on Grey Relation Analysis and TOPSIS Coupling Model

为对设施甜瓜高效集约化生产实施准确有效的水肥管理,以“千玉六号”甜瓜为对象,于2020年4-7月在陕西省杨凌区的双层大跨度温室内进行试验,设水肥两因素,依据蒸腾蒸发量(ET_(c))和目标产量法设计3个灌水量(W1:低水,75%ET_(c);W2:中水,100%ET_(c);W3:高水,125%ET_(c))及3个施肥量(F1:低肥,施肥量758.44 kg/hm^(2);F2:中肥,施肥量948.05 kg/hm^(2);F3:高肥,施肥量1137.66 kg/hm^(2)),研究不同水肥条件对甜瓜生长、产量、品质及水肥利用效率的影响,运用综合评价方法确定最优灌水施肥制度。结果表明,水肥耦合对甜瓜各指标的影响不同,基于博弈论的组合赋权法对甜瓜生长、产量、品质及水肥利用效率4类因素12个指标进行综合赋权,其中总产量权重最大,为0.343,游离氨基酸含量最小,为0.007。基于灰色关联与TOPSIS耦合模型进行综合评价,中水中肥处理下复合贴近度最佳。水肥配施对甜瓜综合生长的交互作用显著,灌水量及施肥量对甜瓜综合生长的调控均呈先增加再降低的趋势,与实际生产相符。当灌水量为810.52~990.64 m^(3)/hm^(2)、施肥量为853.25~1042.85 kg/hm^(2)时甜瓜综合生长得分最高,为最优的水肥配施方案。本研究可为当地设施甜瓜生产中水肥科学管理提供依据。

Aiming to implement accurate and effective water and fertilizer management for the efficient and intensive production of melons in facilities.The melon of“Qianyu No.6”was selected as test material,in a double-layer large-span greenhouse in Yangling,Shaanxi from April to July in 2020.With two factors of water and fertilizer,three irrigation levels were designed based on the crop transpiration(ET_(c))(W1:low water,75%ET_(c),W2:medium water,100%ET_(c),W3:high water,125%ET_(c))and three fertilization rates were calculated according to the target yield method(F1:low fertilizer 758.44 kg/hm^(2),F2:medium fertilizer 948.05 kg/hm^(2),F3:high fertilizer 1137.66 kg/hm^(2)).To investigate the effects of different water and fertilizer conditions on the growth,yield,quality and water and fertilizer use efficiency and the optimal irrigation and fertilization plan was determined by using a comprehensive evaluation method.The results showed that the coupling of water and fertilizer had different effects on the indicators of melon.The total of 12 indicators from four categories of growth,yield,quality,and profitability were combined and weighed based on game theory.The total yield got the largest comprehensive weight of 0.343,and the lowest weight was obtained from free amino acid content of 0.007.Comprehensive evaluation was carried out based on gray relation analysis and TOPSIS coupling model,and the compound closeness was the best under the medium levels of both irrigation and fertilization.The combined application of fertilization had a significant interaction effect on the comprehensive growth of melon,and the tendencies of irrigation and fertilization on the comprehensive growth of melon were observed first increasing and then decreasing,which was consistent with actual production.Melon had the highest comprehensive growth score when the irrigation amount was 810.52~990.64 m^(3)/hm^(2)and the fertilization rate was 853.25~1042.85 kg/hm^(2),which was the optimal water and fertilization application plan.The research result can provide a basis for the scientific management of water and fertilizer in the production of melon in local greenhouse.