本科层次职业学校发展现状、问题与应对策略

Undergraduate Level Vocational Schools:Development Status,Problems and Countermeasures

发展本科层次职业教育是构建中国特色现代职业教育体系的关键一环,而开展本科层次职业学校试点工作,成为我国现代职业教育体系建设在实践领域的一种探索。至目前为止。27所本科层次职业学校在地域分布、院校性质、人才培养目标定位、专业设置及师资状况等方面都呈现出多样性。同时,也存在诸多问题:区域不均衡、院校性质比例严重失衡、人才培养定位模糊、职教特色不明确,难以凸显与专科层次的区别;专业设置过于集中电子信息大类,而农林等专业大类缺失;研究生学历教师比例与双师素质专任教师比例偏低等。基于此,未来本科层次职业学校亟需采取如下发展策略:推进西部地区开展职教本科试点,加快推进公办高职院校升格工作;科学定位人才培养目标,突出职教本科的“高层次”;重视专业多样化与动态性,增强职业教育适应性;加强“双师”标准及制度建设,提高教师学历层次与实践能力。

The development of undergraduate level vocational education is a key part of constructing a modern vocational education system with Chinese characteristics.The pilot work of undergraduate level vocational school has become an exploration in the field of practice in the construction of modern vocational education system in China.Up to now,27 undergraduate level vocational schools have shown diversity in geographical distribution,college nature,talent training target positioning,professional setting and teacher status.At the same time,there are also many problems:regional imbalance,serious imbalance in the nature of colleges and universities,vague orientation of talent training,and unclear characteristics of vocational education,and it is difficult to highlight the difference from junior college level;specialty settings are too concentrated in electronic information majors,agriculture and forestry and other major major categories are missing;the proportion of postgraduate teachers and double-qualified full-time teachers are low,etc..Based on this,the future undergraduate level vocational schools urgently need to adopt the following development strategies:promote the development of vocational undergraduate pilots in the western region,accelerate the promotion of public higher vocational colleges;scientifically locate talent training goals,and highlight the"high-level"of vocational education;Attach importance to the diversification and dynamics of majors,enhance the adaptability of vocational education;strengthen the construction of"double-qualified"standards and systems,and improve teachers'academic level and practical ability.