生态文明视角的九寨沟景观资源美学认识

Aesthetic Understanding of Landscape Resources at Jiuzhaigou Valley,China from a Perspective of Ecological Civilization

生态文明建设凸显了深化景观资源美学认识的需求,重新认识九寨沟景观资源美学价值对于其震后恢复重建意义重大。文章介绍了与景观资源美学价值相关的美学哲学认识,以及基于神经美学中美学科学的新理论和新方法,以在中文旅游网站爬取的九寨沟游记和旅游评论作为文本语料,利用文本挖掘对九寨沟景观资源的美学特征进行定量化的分析评价。结果发现:(1)九寨沟景观具有三大美学特征,分别为景观美学要素的多样性特征、景观美学地点的代表性特性和景观美学机制的丰富性特征;(2)景观美学要素多样性特征既体现在湖水、瀑布、海子、色彩、阳光等自然要素,也体现在栈道、栈桥等人工要素;(3)景观美学地点代表性特征主要体现在五花海、珍珠滩瀑布、火花海;(4)景观美学机制的丰富性特征体既体现在美学法则机制,包括颜色美学类、对称美学类、隐喻美学类、整体观与贝叶斯美学类,又体现在美学空间机制,包括近距离的漂亮美学、远距离的崇高美学、近中距离的画面美学。据此,文章最后从美学视角,对九寨沟景区景观资源的保护与利用以及生态文明建设提出部分对策与建议,并特别建议最大自然化地按照原样恢复重建震毁的火花海景点。

Ecological civilization construction deeply highlights the recognition of the aesthetic attributes and values of landscape resources.The recovery and reconstruction of earthquake damaged scenic spots from 2017 in Jiuzhaigou,a World Heritage Site,is currently of great significance.In the preface of this article,the current understanding of aesthetic philosophy related to landscape resources was briefly reviewed,and,in particular,some recent scientific theories and methods originating in neuroaesthetics were introduced.In the subsequent parts,data and a text corpus from the travel notes and tourism comments were collected from 2010 to 2020,using Python,from tourism websites in Chinese based on the keyword of Jiuzhaigou.Neuropoetic induced methodology of words frequency statistics,aesthetic attributes,and the values of landscape resources in Jiuzhaigou scenic area were then applied and quantitatively analyzed and assessed.Some novel findings and understandings are as follows:(1)There were three types of aesthetic attributes of landscape resources in Jiuzhaigou,the diversity of landscape aesthetic elements,the identity of landscape aesthetic sites,and the richness of the landscape aesthetic mechanism,and their corresponding word frequency weights were 38.73%,22.44%and 38.38%;(2)Diversity attribute was reflected not only in natural elements,such as water,waterfalls,lakes,color,and sunshine,but also in artificial elements such as plank roads and trestles;(3)Identity attribute was reflected in some outstanding aesthetic sites,according to word frequency,which reflected a degree of significance,they were,in order,the Five Flowers Sea and the Pearl Beach Waterfall and Spark Sea,followed by the Colorful Pool,the Reed Sea,the Nuorilang Waterfall,the Arrow Bamboo Sea,the Shuzheng Waterfall,the Panda Sea,the Peacock River,the Tiger Sea,and the Rhinoceros Sea;and(4)The richness of the landscape aesthetic mechanism was reflected in two categories—the aesthetic laws mechanism,which includes color aesthetics,symmetry aesthetics,metaphor aesthetics,holistic view,and Bayesian aesthetics,and the aesthetic space mechanism,including short-distance beauty aesthetics,long-distance sublime aesthetics,and middle-distance picturesque aesthetics.The final part of this article,therefore,provided some countermeasures and suggestions,from the perspective of aesthetics,to the protection,conservation,and utilization of landscape resources for sustainable tourism development in the framework of ecological civilization.A particular focus was on the Spark Sea scenic area,which an earthquake damaged in 2017,and its restoration and reconstruction based on natural features and previous patterns as much as possible because of its leading aesthetic identity in Jiuzhaigou.