利用Excel VBA函数在医学检验中进行四格表统计的教学尝试

Use Excel VBA Function in Fourfold Table Statistics for Medical Laboratory Teaching

目的通过Excel实现对四格表卡方检验、四格表评估诊断试验、配对设计四格表卡方检验等数据的统计分析过程,补充Excel对卡方检验统计功能,应用于实验数据统计的教学尝试。方法通过Excel的VBA程序界面编写统计程序,完成四格表卡方检验和四格表评估诊断试验(配对四格表)的统计功能。并与《卫生统计学》的实例分析进行对比,验证统计结果准确性。结果卡方检验、校正卡方检验和确切概率法的输入参数为:A(A实验阳性数)、B(A实验阴性数)、C(B实验阳性数)和D(B实验阴性数)。软件根据上述条件自动输出相应统计描述参数:A+C、B+D、A+B、C+D、A+B+C+D、具体卡方检验、P值和判断。评估诊断试验和配对卡方输入参数为:A(真阳性)、B(假阳性)、C(假阴性)和D(真阴性)应为数字,否则有提示框。软件根据上述条件自动输出相应统计描述参数:A+C、B+D、A+B、C+D、A+B+C+D、该诊断试验的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率;配对卡方检验、P值和判断。结论Excel能替代手工处理四格表数据统计功能,自动选择相应χ^(2)检验统计方法,提供具体P值。

Objective To realize the statistical analysis of data such as fourfold table chi-square test,evaluation and diagnostic test of four-fold table,and paired design of fourfold table chi-square test through Excel,so as to supplement the statistical function of chi-square test of Excel,and apply it to the teaching practice.Methods The statistical program is compiled through Excel VBA program interface to complete fourfold table chi-square and evaluation and diagnostic test,which compared with the case analysis of Health Statistics to vertify the accuracy of results.Results The input parameters include A(positive number in A rest),B(negative number in A test),C(positive number in B test)and D(negative number in B test).According to the above-mentioned conditions,the software automatically outputs the corresponding statistical description parameters:A+C,B+D,A+B,C,D,A+B+C+D,chi-square test,P values,and judgment.The assessment of diagnostic test and paired chi-square input parameters are:A(true positive),B(false positive),C(false negative)and D(true negative)should be numbers,otherwise there is a prompt dialog box.The software output corresponding statistical description parameters automatically according to these conditions:A+C,B+D,A+B,C+D,A+B+C+D,the diagnostic test's sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy,matching chi-square test,P values and judgment.Conclusion Excel could replace manual process of fourfold tables data,automatically select the corresponding test statistics method,and provide P values and judgment.