高等教育项目运作的制度化:多重逻辑的诠释

Institutionalization of Higher Education Project Operation:An Interpretation of Multiple Logics

项目运作已是高等教育领域中的一种制度化机制。那么在实践中,项目是如何变成了一种国家、地方、高校、教师等宏微观行动主体共同依赖或遵循的制度化机制?文章认为不同行动主体有着不同的行动逻辑,他们共同塑造着高等教育项目运作的制度化进程。其中,国家逻辑起主导作用,表现为以项目资源为基础,以项目中的规范性要素、方法论程序、表意性符码等显性与隐秘的内容为权力表达形式,构成了其对于高等教育的新的权力进路,并在项目绩效的合法性思维下得到强化。地方逻辑表现为一种国家项目自上而下的“垂直影响”效应,即在科层结构环境影响下地方政府对于国家项目的效仿,从而建构了地方层面的高等教育项目体系。高校组织与教师个体逻辑表现为国家项目与地方项目所塑造的项目体系构成了高校、教师系列行动的制度合法性源泉,他们积极参与各类项目活动,为自身生存与发展寻求一种“本体性安全”。

Project operation has been an institutionalized mechanism in the field of higher education.So in practice,how has the project become an institutionalized mechanism that the macro and micro actors such as the state,local governments,universities and teachers rely on or follow?This paper holds that different actors have different action logics,and they jointly shape the institutionalization process of higher education project operation.Among them,the national logic plays a leading role.Based on project resources and taking the explicit and hidden contents such as normative elements,methodological procedures and ideographic codes in the project as the form of power expression,this logic constitutes its new power approach to higher education and is strengthened under the legitimacy thinking of project performance.The local logic is expressed as a top-down"vertical influence"effect of national projects,that is,under the influence of bureaucratic structure environment,the local government imitates the national projects,so as to construct the higher education project system at the local level.The logic of university organization and individual teachers is reflected in that the project system shaped by national projects and local projects constitutes the source of institutional legitimacy of a series of actions of universities and teachers.They actively participate in various project activities and seek an"ontological security"for their own survival and development.