我国高校教师发展政策变迁:主题、特征与经验--基于1949-2020年政策文本的NVivo分析

The Theme, Characteristics and Experience of the Changes of China’s University Teacher Development Policy: An NVivo Analysis Based on the Policy Texts from 1949 to 2020

高校教师发展政策是影响高校教师发展的主导因素,对其分析有利于规范和引领高校教师发展。文章通过对中国1949-2020年有关高校教师发展的55份政策文本进行NVivo分析,发现高校教师发展政策主题经历了四次变迁:注重培养科研素养阶段(1949-1977年)、致力恢复教学胜任力阶段(1978-1994年)、规范提升教学水平阶段(1995-2011年)、强化师德养成阶段(2012年至今)。在这四次变迁过程中,高校教师发展政策呈现出政策目标一贯性、政策内容集中性、政策措施多样性和政策对象突出性的特点,并逐渐形成了立德树人筑牢共同意识、顶层设计明确战略方向、奖罚分明规范教师行为和统筹兼顾妥善任务安排的政策经验,这是推动高校教师发展的“中国智慧”的集中表现。

University teacher development policy is the leading factor affecting the development of university teachers,and its analysis is conducive to standardizing and guiding the development of university teachers.Based on the NVivo analysis of 55 policy texts on the development of university teachers from 1949 to 2020,it is found that the theme of university teachers’development policy in China has experienced four changes:focusing on the cultivation of scientific research literacy(1949-1977),striving to restore teaching competency(1978-1994),standardizing the improvement of teaching level(1995-2011),and strengthening the cultivation of teachers’ethics(2012-).During these four changes,the policy of teacher development in colleges and universities has shown the characteristics of consistent policy objectives,concentrated policy contents,diversified policy measures and prominent policy objects,and gradually formed the following policy experience:building common consciousness through morality and people cultivation,establishing clear strategic direction by top-level design,standardizing teachers’behavior with clear rewards and punishments,and taking overall consideration of proper task arrangement,This is the concentrated expression of"Chinese wisdom"to promote the development of university teachers.