播期和密度对滴灌冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of Sowing Date and Density on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat under Drip Irrigation

【目的】研究播期和密度对新疆南疆滴灌冬小麦光合特性及产量构成的影响,分析适宜的播期及种植密度,为生产实践提供依据。【方法】以新冬22号(少穗型)和邯郸5316(多穗型)为材料,采用裂区田间试验设计,主区为3个播期:9月23日(B1)、10月4日(B2)和10月15日(B3);副区为4个播种量:播种量3.15×10^(6)粒/hm^(2)(M1)、5.1×10^(6)粒/hm^(2)(M2)、7.05×10^(6)粒/hm^(2)(M3)和9×10^(6)粒/hm^(2)(M4)。【结果】滴灌冬小麦旗叶Pn和Tr在扬花期最大,新冬22号在B2播期、邯郸5316在M3播期下平均Pn最高。B2M2处理的Pn最高,新冬22号和邯郸5316分别达15.45和16.94μmol CO_(2)/(m^(2)·s);Tr以M2处理最大M4处理最小,随播期延迟,Tr呈缓慢上升趋势,并以B2M2(新冬22号)或B2M1(邯郸5316)最高,分别为6.35和6.08μmol CO_(2)/(m^(2)·s);旗叶SPAD以扬花期达最高,平均SPAD随密度增大或播期延迟而减少,B1M1处理最大,其次为B3M1(新冬22号)和B2M1(邯郸5316)。【结论】建立了播期、播量与产量的关系模型,提出了高产条件下群、个体发育指标。新冬22号在10月1日播种、播量315.30 kg/hm^(2),邯郸5316在10月2日播种、播量262.47 kg/hm^(2)时产量最高,分别达8271.88和9116.19 kg/hm^(2);提出了晚播增密的技术参数。

【Objective】To study the effects of sowing date and density on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield components of winter wheat under drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang and determine the suitable sowing time and planting density in the hope of providing basis for production practice.【Methods】Xindong 22(less-spike type)and Handan 5316(multi-spike type)were taken as the test materials,the field test design of the split area was adopted,and the main area was three sowing dates:September 23(B1)and October 4(B2)and October 15(B3);the sub-area had four seeding rates:3.15×10^(6) grains/hm^(2)(M1),5.1×10^(6) grains/hm^(2)(M2),7.05×10^(6) grains/hm^(2)(M3)and 9×10^(6) grains/hm^(2)(M4).【Results】Drip irrigation winter wheat flag leaf Pn and Tr were the largest in the flowering period,Xindong 22 had the highest average Pn in the B2 sowing period and Handan 5316 in the M3 sowing period.The Pn of B2M2 treatment was the highest,Xindong 22 and Handan 5316 reached 15.45 and 16.94μmol CO_(2)/(m^(2)·s)respectively;Tr treated with M2 was the largest and treated with M4 was the smallest,the follow-up period was delayed.Tr was slowly rising and the trend was the highest with B2M2(Xindong 22)or B2M1(Handan 5316),6.35 and 6.08μmol CO_(2)/(m^(2)·s),respectively;the flag leaf SPAD reached the highest during the flowering period,and the average SPAD decreased with the increase of density or the delay of sowing time.B1M1 treatment was the largest,followed by B3M1(Xindong 22)and B2M1(Handan 5316);The relationship model of sowing date,sowing amount and yield was established,and the index of group and individual development was put forward under the condition of high yield.【Conclusion】Xindong 22 is sown on October 1 with a volume of 315.30 kg/hm^(2),and Handan 5316 is sown on October 2 with a volume of 262.47 kg/hm^(2),with the highest output,reaching 8,271.88 and 9,116.19 kg/hm^(2),respectively;The technical parameters of increasing density by late seeding are put forward.