中国共产党百年职业技术教育政策走向的演进逻辑

On Policy Evolution Logic of the Communist Party of China on Vocational and Technical Education in the Past Century

以政策工具与技术路线为分析框架,对中国共产党领导下百年来的143份职业技术教育政策文本研究发现:因政权建设环境差异,中国共产党百年来职业技术教育政策呈现出战时的劝说型、计划经济时期的劝告型、市场经济时期运用多元工具制定职教政策的阶段特征。中国共产党在各阶段的历史使命差异,又从职业技术教育政策制定的技术路线上,形成了人才培养目标、办学模式、专业设置、教学模式、师生发展的阶段侧重点差异。深层分析表明,百年来中国共产党的职业技术教育政策,呈现出彰显中国社会主义特色的"三链耦合逻辑、职教为表技术为里的提质培优演进逻辑和服务各阶段党的使命驱动下的技术发展逻辑。基于上述逻辑,新时代应增加实现中国梦使命的职业技术教育政策制定工具;适应新使命,为职教高质量发展提供政策护航;将《职业教育法》更名为《职业技术教育法》,为突破技术技能型人才培养的产教深度融合瓶颈奠定法制基础。

Using P-TRM as the research framework, a study of 143 vocational and technical education policy texts under the leadership of the Communist Party of China in the past 100 years shows that, vocational and technical education policies show the stage characteristics of persuasion in wartime, persuasion in the planned economy period, and application of multiple tools for policy formulation in the market economy period. The differences in the party’s historical missions at various stages have contributed to differences in talent training goals,school-running models, professional settings, teaching models, and the development of teachers and students. In-depth analysis shows that in the past 100 years, the evolution logic of the vocational education policy led by the Communist Party of China has shown the integration of the"spirit-industry-professional"three chains under the historical mission;vocational education is a manifestation, technical education is the main focus, focus on the law of technological breakthroughs. In the future, it is necessary to increase the vocational and technical education policy formulation tools to realize the mission of the Chinese dream;to adapt to the new mission to provide policy escort for the high-quality development of vocational education;to rename the"Vocational Education Law"to"Vocational Technical Education Law"to strengthen deep integration of industry and education in the cultivation of technical and skilled talents.